非洲的一些产油大国，如苏丹、安哥拉、尼日利亚、加蓬、阿尔及利亚等。
非洲国家石油开采领域,大量资金,石油的易货贸易体制-“安哥拉公式”。
非洲资源，石油和天然气，铜、钴、黄金、金刚石、铬、锰、铀、铝土矿、稀土、原木等。
里根政府财政部副部长-罗伯茨。
9月18日晚，洛杉矶超市员工,在街头,举行烛光集会，呼吁得到好的工作和健康保障。正在进行的超市劳工代表与资方的谈判,进入僵持阶段。据悉，如果双方无法达成协议，Ralphs、Vons和Albertsons等超市员工,将开始罢工。
2003-2004年,持续了141天的超市员工罢工，曾造成了15亿美元的损失。
华盛顿教师,为改善薪酬及工作调动, 继续罢工,2011-09-15
美国总统提减赤方案,计划十年内,削减赤字逾3万亿
美国总统奥巴马(Barack Obama),于周一(9月19日),提出一项减赤方案，计划十年内,削减逾3万亿美元赤字，其中,半数以上,将来自于增加富裕阶层的税收。
美国总统大选说事,经济问题是根本
美国总统奥巴马拟征“巴菲特税”
奥巴马提出向富人增税的建议，以确保年收入超过100万美元的富豪,缴税率,不低于中产阶级。
美国富豪巴菲特曾在《 纽约时报》,以《停止娇惯富豪们》为题,呼吁美国向富人征税，以削减预算赤字，他称,此举,不会影响投资者投资活动。
美国劳工部(Department of Labor),9月2日公布，美国8月季调后,非农就业人口持平，预期增加8.0万人，前值,由增加11.7万,修正为增加8.5万。失业率,持稳,9.1%。
美国政府,总统贝拉克·奥巴马,19日,再提向富人增税的建议，意在确保年收入超过100万美元的富人,承担与中产阶级相同的税率。
奥巴马打算把这一条建议,称作“巴菲特规则”。先前，美国“股神”沃伦·巴菲特抱怨美国国会“溺爱”超级富翁，要求政府,向包括自己在内的富人多收税。
美国政府,奥巴马,定于19日,向国会一个负责削减财政赤字的“超级委员会”,提出“巴菲特规则”，向富人增税。
这次的增税对象,是年收入超过100万美元的富人，总人数,不到45万人，占全美国纳税人总数的0.3%，增税目的,意在让“巴菲特规则”,代替“最少可选择性税”，使富人承担和中产阶级相同的税率。
年收入超过10.68万美元以上的部分,无需缴纳“社会保障税”。也就是说，年收入超过100万美元的富人,承担的社会保障税税率,远远低于年收入为10万美元的纳税人。
近一年来，对富人增税,是奥巴马常提的话题，特别是在民主、共和两党,为削减赤字激烈争执之际。
来自美国共和党,8位,2012年总统大选候选人
美国2012年共和党总统候选人、原马萨诸塞州州长-罗姆尼
美国得克萨斯州,现任州长-佩里,共和党候选人,竞选
UK保守党党魁-戴维·卡梅伦,也许是英国200年来,最年轻的首相
UK工党党魁埃德·米利班德
UK自民党党魁尼克·克莱格
英国主要政党青年组织———保守党青年运动（ConservativeFuture）、自由青年联盟（Liberal Youth）和青年工党（YoungLabour）———中的精英，青少年组织的成员,年龄在12,到19岁之间;这些孩子,是威斯敏斯特宫（英国上,下两院所在地）的未来之星，将来有一天,他们中有些人,会领导这个国家。
梅洛·曼宁的妈妈,是英国商业、创意与技能大臣文斯·凯柏尔手下的高级政策顾问，8岁时,就开始参加会议———白天,在学校喝着香蕉奶昔，晚上,参加政治小圈子的活动。今年12岁的梅洛,这个月,将在伯明翰,发表第四次演讲。但不是所有孩子,都追随着父母的脚步。虽然,有些孩子从未考虑过-支持跟父母不一样的党派，却也有一些孩子,成了“造反派”，投向另外的阵营；一些人说,父母从不透露自己的政治倾向，以免影响他们；另外一些人的父母,对政治,完全不感兴趣。“《 晚间新闻》一开始播，我妈妈就在椅子上睡觉，”一个孩子说。
家庭背景差别很大，这些年轻人做的事情,都一样地不时髦：加入某个政党，你会以为-他们全部支持-将投票年龄降到16岁。尽管事实并非如此，但他们坚信一点：年轻人,必须在政治上,发出自己的声音。就像威廉·黑格（英国外交大臣）,16岁时,在保守党大会上所说的：“30,或40年后，你们中,有一半人,不会再待在这里。”他们的感觉,就是这样。“听听我们的声音，”12岁的克莱尔·波德说，“你会学到一些东西。”
保守党青年运动：“我们喜欢Lady gaga”
保守党的年轻人,比较严肃、拘谨，从拍照时的姿势,可以看出这一点———噢,天哪!千万不要碰到别人的胳膊！他们很骄傲自己是“长大成人”的青年运动成员，对待政治事务“最为认真”。但是,你如果说他们傲慢自大，他们可不同意。
“我认为，与以前相比，年轻的保守党人,要开放得多了，”18岁的霍利·卡特说，她是埃塞克斯支部主席，就是真人秀《 埃塞克斯是唯一生活方式》（T O W IE）,那个埃塞克斯。他们不够漂亮时髦吗?“说到保守党的时髦，我们会等着别人说,关于养马和穿斜纹软呢的笑话，”他们齐声叹了口气。
霍利，其他人,都来自乡村风味的保守党核心地区，比如,波克夏、苏塞克斯、肯特和萨利，但其中,只有一人,上的是私立学校，其他人,都上公立学校。“像老的伊顿公学,那些传说，其实,不是事实，”17岁的萨迪·维达哼了一声说，他是威尔士支部的副主席，自称,很喜欢L adyG aga和Jim m yCarrs（喜剧明星）。这一群体的其他兴趣,包括曲棍球、斯库巴潜水以及帆船运动。
19岁的达科他·迪本,是一名学生和童子军团长，开办了自己的模型铁路公司，可能,最接近人们想像中的书呆子形象。
奥利弗·桑德森，一名有着军人气派的男孩，带着利兹口音，他投身政治，是因为玛格丽特·撒切尔,2009年,参观了他就读的学校,并发表了演讲。“我爸爸,在陆军服役，所以,他不能有政治倾向，”他说，并表示:他想成为哈罗门市的下院议员。
对于卡梅伦目前领导英国的方式，他们有何看法？他们全都点点头。“联合政府不容易，”19岁的康诺尔·里伦说“但卡梅伦,使我们更接近中间地带，我们比以前,更加多样化了。”“我们是希望之党，”霍利说。
他们对于骚乱期间,那些不那么热衷政治者的行为,怎么看，还有，他们自己呢？当时,在做什么？“我们在度假”,是共同的回答。
自由青年联盟：“我们绝对是最怪异的政党”
作为一个向政治早熟者开放的政党，自由青年联盟,是唯一不要求成员年龄达到最低下限的组织（青年保守党和青年工党,都要求在15岁以上）。12岁的克莱尔·伯德,对未来的职业规划,是成为一个模特，同时,成为英国第一位自民党首相，但她决不是该组织里最年轻的成员。她的父亲———戴着印有“W e may b etogether，butw e‘rein separatebeds”（意为“或许我们同梦，但是,我们异床”）字样的联合政府徽章———告诉我，克莱尔,8岁的弟弟西蒙,也可以就政治,探讨一,二。
12岁的梅洛·曼宁,脚踩软底运动鞋，上面写着“I●cupcakes”（我爱纸杯蛋糕），自称是一位“娃娃女权主义者”，在“自民娃娃”网站（Libdem child.com）上,有多达12万粉丝。她想到大学学习哲学、政治学和经济学，然后,读硕士，进入社会创投银行工作。“但我可能会抛弃经济学，”她实事求是地告诉我。
其他政党对于这种开放的政策,颇不以为然“让12岁的孩子入党，简直是滥竽充数，”他们说。但是,自民党对此轻松地自嘲。“我们绝对是最古怪的党派，”15岁的马特·唐尼说，他来自剑桥镇，就是那个留着遮住半个脸刘海的家伙，“然后,你就会获悉很多,不被主流接受的、不同的、疯狂的想法。我们对此很高兴。”引人注目的是，这是唯一-成员不全是白人的政党。
自由青年联盟,成功地从工党和保守党那里,挖到了不少人。19岁的阿曼达·加罗斯-希尔,在布拉德福德一个单亲家庭长大，在“10便士税改方案”被取消后，她退出了工党。“这件事,让我意识到:他们并不代表着英国的贫困阶层。”
哈里·马修，穿着透明衬衫的大学生，在伊顿公学入学面试中，他因为发表了一篇赞扬伊恩·邓肯·史密斯（英国负责就业和养老金事务的大臣）的演讲,获得高分。2010年，看到自民党党魁-尼克·克莱格,在电视上发表的选前动员演讲后，他感受到一种“身份危机”，进而换了党派：“我当时很震惊，唯一的想法是：他很多观点,跟我的想法一样。”
其他孩子,叫他们“无常”。“噢，崭新、闪亮的尼克·克莱格！”他们嘲笑道，“这是一个70年,未曾掌权的新政党。”
如今，他们党魁的黄金时刻,已经过去，他们如何看待这件事？“当联合政府选举时，我们被困在中间,左右为难，不管我们做什么，都是错的，”哈里说。
青年工党：“我是那么想入党”
位于克罗伊登（英格兰东南部城市）的英国表演艺术学校,看上去不像是政治家的摇篮，这里,似乎只出产阿黛尔、杰西·J,和利昂娜·刘易斯这样的歌手。16岁的杰克·斯拉特说，事实会让你大吃一惊,“刚到学校时，我对政治,没那么感兴趣，”斯拉特说。他希望在领导英国之前,能先从事流行音乐录像制作工作。“但是,我们学校,有一些课程，让你对政治有所了解，它们鼓励我-加入一个政党。”
杰克,每周六大部分时间,都忙着在自家所在的伦敦南部布利克斯顿社区的街头店铺活动，和青年工党中大部分成员一样，他非常热衷于推介一种正式的政治教育。
这个小组中,有好几位成员,有过父亲离家出走或者房子被银行没收后,靠福利机构生活的经历。16岁的比利·迈克考利,来自格拉斯哥，从14岁起,就支持工党———当他和母亲变得无家可归的时候。现在,他们仍然住在政府提供的临时居所内。
青年工党,也有许多富裕家庭的孩子。“在后布莱尔时代，工党内部的成分‘混合’加强了，”乔·科林说，他在保守党占统治地位的选区-萨顿科克菲尔德,成立了第一个青年工党组织。这个18岁的青年,没有采用发传单等传统方式，更喜欢用表演音乐等方式竞选。
工党党魁埃德·米利班德
English, Japanese, automatic translation by Google; subject to Chinese
From:
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Some African oil producing countries such as Sudan, Angola, Nigeria, Gabon and Algeria.
Africa oil field, a lot of money, oil barter system – “Angola formula.”
African resources, oil and natural gas, copper, cobalt, gold, diamonds, chromium, manganese, uranium, bauxite, rare earth, logs, etc.
Reagan Administration Deputy Minister of Finance – Roberts.
The evening of September 18, Los Angeles supermarket staff, in the streets, holding candlelight vigil to call to get a good job and health protection. Ongoing supermarket labor negotiations with management representatives, to enter the stalemate. It is reported that if the parties can not reach an agreement, Ralphs, Vons and Albertsons and other supermarket staff, will begin a strike.
2003-2004, lasted 141 days of supermarket employees strike has caused losses of $ 1.5 billion.
Washington teachers, to improve pay and job transfers, to continue the strike ,2011 -09-15
United States President put deficit reduction plans, programs within ten years, more than 3 trillion deficit reduction
U.S. President Barack Obama (Barack Obama), on Monday (September 19), proposed a deficit reduction program, plan ten years, cut more than $ 3 trillion deficit, which more than half will come from the affluent to increase tax.
U.S. presidential election that matter, is the fundamental economic problems
U.S. President Barack Obama intends to sign “Buffett tax”
Obama’s proposal to raise taxes the rich to ensure that annual income over $ 1 million of the rich, tax rates, not lower than middle class.
U.S. tycoon Warren Buffett in “The New York Times” to “stop the rich and spoiled” in the title, calling the United States to tax the rich to cut the budget deficit, he said, the move will not affect the activities of investors.
U.S. Department of Labor (Department of Labor), 9 released Thursday, the United States rose 8 after the transfer, non-agricultural employment was flat, is expected to increase 8.0 million people, the former value, from 11.7 million, the revised increase of 8.5 million. Unemployment rate, steady 9.1%.
The U.S. government, President Barack Obama, 19, mention the tax increase proposal to the rich, intended to ensure that annual income over $ 1 million of the rich, the middle class to bear with the same tax rate.
Obama intends to put a proposal called “Buffett rules.” Previously, the United States, “Warren” Warren Buffett complained about the U.S. Congress “spoil” super-rich, asked the Government, including himself to tax the rich more.
U.S. Government, Barack Obama, scheduled for 19, one for Congress to cut the fiscal deficit to a “super committee” that “Buffett rules”, the rich tax increases.
The object of the tax increase is over $ 1 million annual income of the rich, the total number, less than 45 million people, accounting for 0.3% of the total number of U.S. taxpayers, the purpose of tax increase, intended to allow “Buffett rules” instead of “at least optional tax” so that the rich and middle class bear the same tax rate.
Annual income of more than 106,800 U.S. dollars of parts, without paying the “social security tax.” In other words, the annual income of over $ 1 million of the rich bear the social security tax rate, far below the $ 100,000 annual income taxpayers.
Over the past year, tax increases on the wealthy, Obama often mention the topic, especially in the Democratic and Republican parties, in order to reduce the deficit a heated argument on the occasion.
From the U.S. Republican Party, 8, 2012 presidential election candidates
U.S. Republican presidential candidate in 2012, the former Massachusetts governor – Mitt Romney
Texas, USA, the current governor – Perry, the Republican candidate, campaign
UK Conservative Party leader – David Cameron, perhaps the British 200 years, the youngest prime minister
UK Labour Party leader Ed Miliband
UK Liberal Democratic Party leader Nick Clegg
Britain’s main political parties, youth organizations — the Conservative youth movement (ConservativeFuture), Liberal Youth Alliance (Liberal Youth) and Youth Labour Party (YoungLabour) — the elite, members of youth organizations, the age of 12 to 19 years old room; these children, is the Palace of Westminster (British upper and lower houses located) stars of the future, someday, some of them, will lead this country.
Merlot Manning’s mother, a British business, creativity and skills of the hands of Minister of Culture Skye Charles Bell, Senior Policy Advisor, 8 years old, began to participate in the meeting — the day, drinking banana milkshake at school, at night participate in the political circle activities. 12 year old Merlot, this month, will be in Birmingham, published the fourth lecture. But not all children, all follow their parents’ footsteps. Although some children had never considered – not the same as supporting the party with their parents, but there are some children become “rebels”, to invest in the other camp; Some people say that their parents never to disclose their political orientation, so as not to affect their ; other people’s parents, political, and not interested. “” Evening News “broadcast the beginning, my mother sleeping in a chair,” one child said.
Very different family backgrounds, these young people to do things the same way of fashion: join a political party, you would think – they all support – the voting age reduced to 16 years old. Though it is not, but they believe one thing: young people, to be in politics, their own voice. Like William Hague (British Foreign Secretary), 16 years old, said the Conservative Party conference: “30 or 40 years later, you, half man, will not stay here.” Their feeling that way. “Listen to our voices,” 12-year-old Claire Bode said, “you will learn something.”
Conservative youth movement: “We like Lady gaga”
Conservative young people, serious, cautious, when the position from the camera, you can see it — Oh, my God! Do not run into someone else’s arm! They are proud that they are “grown up” youth movement members, to treat political affairs, “the most serious.” However, if you say they arrogant, they may agree.
“I think, than ever before, the young Conservatives, to open up much more,” said Carter, 18-year-old Holly, she is President of Essex branch, that is, reality show, “Essex is the only a way of life “(TOW IE), that Essex. They are not pretty fashionable it? “Said the Conservative Party’s fashion, we will wait for others to say, on horses and wear tweed joke,” they sighed in unison.
Hawley, others are the core of the Conservative Party from the rustic regions, for example, Berkshire, Sussex, Kent and Sally, but only one person is on private schools, others are on public schools. “Like the old Eton, those legends, in fact, not a fact,” 17-year-old Sadie Vader grunted that he was the Deputy Chairman of Wales Branch, claiming, like L adyG aga and Jim m yCarrs (comedian). This group of other interests, including hockey, scuba diving and sailing.
19-year-old Di The Dakota is a student and Boy Scout leader, opened his own model railroad company, likely, the closest people to imagine the nerd image.
Aolifusang Anderson, a boy has a military style, with a Leeds accent, he was into politics, because of Margaret Thatcher in 2009, visited the school he attended and delivered a speech. “My father served in the Army, so he can not have political leanings,” he said, and said: He wants to become the next MP Harold store.
Cameron currently leads the British for the way they view? They all nodded. “Coalition government is not easy,” said 19-year-old 康诺尔里伦 “But Cameron, brings us closer to the middle ground, we are more than before, more diversified.” “We are the party of hope,” said Hawley .
For them during the riots, who are not so keen political behavior, how to look, and they themselves? At that time, what to do? “We’re on vacation,” is a common answer.
Freedom Youth League: “We are definitely the most bizarre political party”
As a mature person and open to political parties, freedom of Youth Union, is the only member not required to lower the minimum age of the organization (Young Conservatives and Young Labour, at 15 years of age are required). 12-year-old Claire Bird, career planning for the future, is to become a model, while the Liberal Democratic Party to become Britain’s first prime minister, but she never was the youngest member of the organization. Her father — wearing printed with “W e may b etogether, butw e’rein separatebeds” (meaning “Perhaps the same dream, but we are different bed”), the word coalition government badge — tell me, Claire, 8-year-old brother Simon, also on the political, of one or two.
12-year-old Merlot Manning, foot soft bottom shoes, says “I ● cupcakes” (I love cupcakes), claiming to be a “doll feminist” in the “from China Doll” Web site ( Libdem child.com), there are as many as 12 million fans. She thought of the University to study philosophy, political science and economics, then, Master, venture into the community bank. “But I might abandon economics,” she told me a realistic manner.
Other parties for such an open policy, rather disagree “to 12-year-olds to join the party, is simply cheating,” they said. However, the Liberal Democratic Party have easily laugh at themselves. “We are definitely the most bizarre political parties,” Downey said 15-year-old Matt, he is from Cambridge, is that keep the bangs cover half of the face guy, “then, you will learn a lot, not to be mainstream acceptance, different, crazy idea.. We are very pleased. “Remarkably, this is the only – political party membership is not all white.
Freedom Youth League, the Labour Party and Conservative Party successfully from there, dug a lot of people. 19-year-old Oman daga Ross – Hill, a single-parent families in Bradford grew up in the “10 pence tax reform program” was canceled, she quit the Labour Party. “This thing made me realize: They do not represent the poorer segments of the UK.”
Harry Matthew, wearing a transparent shirt college students, an admissions interview at Eton, he published an article praised as Ian Duncan Smith (UK responsible for the employment and pension affairs minister) of the speech received high marks . 2010, see the Liberal Democratic Party leader – Nick Clegg, on television pre-election mobilization speech, he felt an “identity crisis”, and then for the party: “I was shocked, the only idea is: a lot of his ideas, with my same idea. ”
Other children, called them “impermanence.” “Oh, new, shiny Nick Clegg!” They laughed and said, “This is a 70-year, a new political party not in power.”
Today, the leader of the golden moment they have in the past, how they think of this? “When the coalition government elections, we were trapped in the middle of a dilemma, no matter what we do, is wrong,” Harry said.
Youth Labour Party: “I think so to join the party.”
Croydon (England southeastern city of) the British performing arts school, the cradle does not look like a politician here, seems to produce Adele, Jesse J, and singers such as Leona Lewis . 16-year-old Jack Slater said the fact that surprise you, “came to school, my politics, not so interesting,” Slater said. He hoped that before the British leadership, can be engaged in the popular music video production work. “However, our school, there are some courses for you to understand politics, they encouraged me to – join a political party.”
Jack, most of the time every Saturday, are busy in their own south London where the streets Blix Dayton community activities, shops, and the majority of young Labour Party members, he was very keen to introduce a formal political education.
This group, several members have had his father away from home or the house be forfeited, the experience of living through welfare agencies. 16-year-old Bilimaike Cowley, from Glasgow, from the age of 14, to support the Labor Party — when he and his mother became homeless when. Now, they are still living in temporary accommodation provided by the Government within.
Youth Labour Party, there are many children of wealthy families. “In the post-Blair era, the Labor Party’s internal components ‘hybrid’ is strengthened,” Qiao Kelin said, the Conservatives dominated in his constituency – Sutton Cork Field, a youth work setting up the first party. The 18-year-olds did not use traditional methods such as leaflets, prefer a musical performance, etc. campaign.
Ed Miliband Labour Party leader
English, Japanese, automatic translation by Google; subject to Chinese
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