Castor bean import and export wholesaler card

Castor bean the Euphorbiaceae castor seed. This product is swelling Sida, through lag diarrhea. For ulcer swollen poison Houbi, dry guitar stool and other symptoms.

Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae plant a year or perennial herb. The whole plant is smooth, wax, usually green, gray or purple; stem circular hollow, branching; Leaves alternate large, palmate split; panicles, unisexual flower petals of female flowers born in the upper part of the inflorescence, pink style, male flowers in the inflorescence, the lower part, yellow; capsule, barbed or not; oval seeds, seed coat hard, shiny and black, white, brown markings. Hi heat, intolerant of frost, pH adaptable.

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Basic information of the castor bean plant
Medicinal information
Castor bean, Chinese herbal medicine, basic information
Function of attending
Election party
Clinical application
Famous exposition
Castor bean, Chinese herbal medicines
Basic information
Source
The original form
Cultivation
Pest and disease control
Characters
Chemical composition
Pharmacological effects
Toxicity
Distinguish
Cooked
Indications
Attached to side
Each discourse
Clinical application
Basic information of the castor bean plant
Medicinal information
Basic information of the castor bean, Chinese herbal medicines
Function of attending
Election party
Clinical application
Famous exposition
Castor bean, Chinese herbal source
Basic information
Source
The original form
Cultivation
Pest and disease control
Characters
Chemical composition
Pharmacological effects
Toxicity
Distinguish
Cooked
Indications
Attached to side
Each discourse
Clinical application
This segment of castor bean plant
Basic information
The herbal Name: castor bean

English name of the Castor seed [medical]
[Latin name] semen ricini

[Branch] Euphorbiaceae

[The case of castor-oil plant genus

This product Euphorbiaceae ricin ricinus is communis, L. dry mature seeds. Autumn picking the ripe fruit, dried, remove the pericarps, seed collection.

Medicinal information

【Characters】 This product is oval-shaped or oval, slightly flat, length 0.9 ~ 1.8cm, width 0.5 ~ 1cm. The surface is smooth, gray and dark brown or yellowish brown with reddish brown and white flowers striped. Flat on one side, one side than the bulge, flat side of an uplift of the ridge; one end of a gray or light brown protruding caruncle. Kinds of thin and brittle. Endosperm hypertrophy, white, rich and oily, meager, odorless, slightly bitter taste.

[Sexual flavor returns classics] sweet, acrid; toxic. Owned by large intestine, lung.

Functions and Indications] swelling Sida, diarrhea through stagnation. For swollen ulcer drugs, Houbi, dry stool guitar.

Usage and dosage】 external use, mash and apply of affected area, but also into the pills taken orally.

【Storage】 Store in cool dry place.
Castor bean, Chinese herbal medicine, basic information
Castor bean (Tang Materia Medica “) 【Synonym】 castor seed Asako (” Thunder Gun Sunburn On “), castor Ren (” Sheng Ji Zong Lu “), large pockmarks (Chinese medicine plant Chi”), red large pockmarks (“herbs school “).

Source – the seeds of castor Euphorbiaceae.

Plant morphology – ricin (Tang Materia Medica “), also known as: cattle grate sub-grass, red castor, Le cuisine, Du Ma, straw, flax. Annual herbs, perennial shrub in the tropics into 2 to 3 meters high, stems erect, glabrous, green or slightly purple. With white powder. Leaves alternate, with long-handled; blade shield-shaped round. 20 to 40 cm diameter, palmately split to less than half the leaves, 7-9 split. Edge irregularly serrated, the main veins palmate. Flowers unisexual, racemose or panicle, apical, lower raw male, the upper born female flower; bud and small involucre ovate or triangular; male flower 3 to 5 lobes ovate – triangular, without a chrysanthemum stamens dense connate into bundles; the bud of female flowers and male flowers of the same, perianth with a male and a little narrow, faceplate and heritage shaped stamen, pistil ovoid, ovary 3 rooms, styles 3, red, the top two forks.

Capsule globose, spines, when mature cracking. Flowering from May to August. Fruiting period from July to October. Cultivated in most parts of the country. The root of this plant (Ricinus communis root), leaf (castor leaf) and squeeze the seed oil (castor oil) for medicinal purposes, details of special articles.

The collection – fall fruit brown, peel uncracked batch picking, dried, remove the peel.

Herbs – dried seeds slightly flat, wide oval, 8 to 18 mm long, 9 mm in diameter. Ventral surface flat, the back slightly elevated, the small end, like cavernous prominent caruncle and umbilical points, the other end of the chalazal between the hilum and chalazal ridge is obvious. Testa smooth, shiny, Hin pink brown and white markings, the quality of hard and brittle. Within the skin a white film-like, wrapped in a white oily endosperm; cotyledons two meager, located in the seed Central. The gas is weak, greasy taste. Like grain, full, auburn, glossy better. Are produced in most parts of the country. [Chemical composition] seed 40 to 50 percent fatty oil, cake with ricinine and ricin and lipase. (Castor oil), ricinoleic acid (ricinoleic acid), linoleic acid, oleic acid oil containing cis fatty oil, and containing ricin D, ricin D, poisonous acidic protein (acid, ricin), alkaline toxic protein (Basic ricin), the castor alkali (ricinine,), celery aglycones (apigenin,), chlorogenic acid (chlorogenic acid), Rutin (rutin) and other.

Pharmacological effects

① diarrhea in the role of castor seed oil itself did not induced diarrhea role, the role of lipase in the duodenum by saponification into the castor oil sodium and glycerin, castor oil, sodium on intestinal irritant, causing bowel movements increased, small intestine rapidly advancing to the colon, 2 to 6 hours after taking the drug, the discharge of semi-liquid stool after a bowel movement may have a temporary constipation; increased doses do not enhance the effectiveness of the hydrolysis part quickly excreted into the large intestine, grate after the absorption of the sesame oil, acid and other fatty acid metabolism in the body decomposition, therefore, castor oil is relatively safe as a cathartic; emulsion oral administration due to bad taste, can be made. Castor oil can hinder the absorption of santonin is not caused due to diarrhea.

② other role in castor oil irritation, can be used as a skin lubricant for dermatitis and other skin diseases, made oil ointment for burns and ulcers seed paste for ulcers of the skin kala-azar, in addition can be used for Blepharitis; as solvent to remove eye irritants, locally applied to the vaginal and cervical disorders.

Toxicity – castor bean contains ricin and castor base, especially the former, can cause poisoning. 4 to 7-year-old children services castor bean 2 ~ 7 can cause poisoning, lethal. 20 for adults and can be deadly. African production castor bean 2 allows adult to death, children only one, but there are reports able to restore service after 24. Ricin is a protein enzyme, 7 mg to adult deaths. Castor bean poisoning symptoms: headache, gastroenteritis, increased body temperature, leukocytosis, and blood as the left, anuria, jaundice, cold sweat, frequent spasms, cardiovascular collapse: the occurrence of symptoms of poisoning are often a longer incubation period. Ricin induced acute poisoning, mainly to produce liver and kidney damage, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, castor-oil plant in lectin agglutination and blood. Huzhou rural castor bean sizzling eat no toxic ricin damage may be due to heating.

Cooked – to crack the seed coat, picking the seed kernel use.

① “Thunder Gun Sunburn On: Where to make castor bean, first to cook for half a day and the skin with salt soup, peeled child research with.

② “Ben Cao Meng Quan: castor bean, the repair system avoid iron.

Sexual taste – Camsing, toxic. 1 Tang Materia Medica: Camsing, flat, a small drug. ② “Jade Catalpa drug solution: bitter, flat gas.

Meridian – into the large intestine. Lung.

① “Thunder concocted herbal solution”: Rupi, large intestine through.

② “Materia Medica and then the new” three classics: hepatic, spleen, lung.

③ The “Herbal summary”: start with the moon, full sun.
Function of attending
Swelling Sida, through stagnation diarrhea. Governance swollen ulcer drugs, scrofula, Houbi, scabies scabies ringworm sores, edema Fu Man, dry stool guitar.

① “Tang Materia Medica”: the main water disease.

② “Hanako’s Herbal: flood control inflation Fu Man, the fine study of water service; traumata scabies skin disease, but also research apply.

③ “Materia Medica Yan Yi Addendum”: the tangible quality of the lag thing, so they chose births afterbirth left the bone, pus and blood were used.

④ The “schema”: the main partial wind fail to materialize the aphonia Koujin, head wind deafness, tongue swelling, Houbi snore breath, beriberi poison swollen, red tumor, soup burns, needle into the meat, the woman retained placenta, sub-intestinal quite out, open the off awakened meridian, can stop all the pain, swelling chase pus Sida.

Administration and dosage – external: pound deposited in or deposited. Oral: into the pills, health research or fried.

Should avoid – pregnant women, and they slip Jifu. “Ben Cao Jing Shu”: a weak stomach, large intestine is not solid, Shenwu light use.
Election party
The ① governance boils abscesses: castor bean 20 pieces, peeled, and a little salt, rice, pound evenly wrap the affected area, twice a day to change. (“Fujian folk medicine”)

② governance ulcer early: peeled castor bean a rosin four. Castor bean mash Jiaru Song powder fully stirred to a paste with water, placed in cold water to cool into a paste alternate. With white plaster the size of the wound surface, spread paper or cloth, posted on the affected area. (Selection of Liaoning “herbal health law information.”)

The ③ rule scrofula: castor bean sizzling, peeled, bad chewing, hypnagogic served three, two, gradually add to the number of pieces. (“Ben Cao Yan Yi)

(4) governance pharynx in the sores: the Dioscorea the pock one (peeled), Puxiao a money. With the research, draw water for one, even into three efficiency. (“Quasi-medical”)

⑤ Governance Houbi: castor seed Asako, take the meat hammer broken, paper rolls for the tube, burning type of smoke the. (“Medical Story of St. chimney)

The ⑥ governance Zhu bone choking: castor bean seven. Shelled small study into the calcite at the end, wrapped around to make wet and dry the Bamboo child pick two, three money choking in awhile pharynx with water the next. (Wechsler family Tibet Party “)

⑧ governance soup burns: castor bean, Gefen decile. The study cream. Tang loss of oil-coated water-coated fire sore. (“Health will square)

The ⑨ rule of dog bite: 50 tablets of castor beans. Peeled, well water study cream to salt water and wash the bite at the castor seed hemp cream paste. (“Pocket square”)

The the ⑩ governance ethos headache can not tolerate: frankincense, castor Ren decile. Pound cake, paste with about the temple. (“Checklist”)

⑾ treat children decadent hernia: castor Ren three, just the sub spine (peeled) thirty Dan Yanzi (burn) a talc (last) two Qian dagger, musk (research) half money dagger. Pound on the flavors to research uniform, thin batter and pills, such as green beans, each serving 15 pills under the hollow, the fried Dengxin soup. (“San Franciscans overall record castor pill)

Governance ⑿ snore asthma cough: castor bean, shelled sizzling, picking sweet to eat, more clothes bear fruit. (“Health is easy simple square”)

⒀ governance dystocia and afterbirth no less than seven: castor bean. Research such as paste, coating the soles of the heart, the child and clothing to the next, they wash away the speed. (“Sea set prescription.”)

⒁ gave birth and stillbirth no fewer than: the castor three croton four. Small study, into the of musk little paste umbilical heart. (Health Jiabao Party “)

⒂ governance uterine take off: castor kernels, dry alum decile. Security paper for the end of care into the still castor Ren fourteen research ointment top heart. (Summary Parties “)

⒃ governance violence suffering from rectal prolapse: one or two castor bean. Rotten pestle for cream, twist to make pancake, two fingers spacious, paste skull; for cream, onion, garlic and research such as the end of the yin syndrome prolapse of the rectum, raw aconite, affixed pursuant to the preceding method. (“Living young heart of the book” castor cream)

⒄ governance Kouyanwaixie; the castor Ren seventy-seven. Research cake, right crooked in the left heart, left crooked heart in the right hand, but with copper Yu Sheng hot water, sitting on the drug, cold-replace five or six times that also. (“Woman recipe”)
Clinical application
① the treatment of facial palsy, to take the castor bean, peeled, mashed, spreads in the ipsilateral jaw joints and mouth Ministry (thickness of 0.3 cm), plus a gauze bandage. Dressing 1 a day. Treatment of three cases were cured within 10 days.

The ② poisoning and decompression – poisonous castor bean, the toxic quality of heat after the destruction. Therefore more than a living food poisoning. Have reported three cases in children, Health service castor bean Ren 7, protracted vomiting, and abdominal pain, vague consciousness which one cases of severe dehydration signs, hand, foot and chills, mydriasis unresponsive to light. The general poisoning of conventional treatment and symptomatic treatment, are gradually restored.
Famous exposition

① “Checklist”: castor benevolence, the smell was very close to Croton, also Liren, so the water gas. Its goodness to go, opening germanium awakened meridian, it can cure the partial wind aphonia, Koujin mouth head skew, head wind, distributed to various diseases, beyond the tangible things. Cover pelican oil can lead to drug gas entry, castor oil can pull the patient gas to go out, Zhu cream and more used. A human disease partial wind, hand, foot and do not move, Traditional with suet with this oil, musk, Ling Li Class A drug, fried for Mount paste, Japan and the Mount several times, in January I ashamed complex of the service found the wind and phlegm nourishing agent, in March and more. A throat disease arm, also with castor pound plaster of night cured. One migraine disease blood, with frankincense, and salt, pound Xie temples, night pain only. Sub intestine after a maternity collection, pound benevolence of its pubic region, last night. This drug topical tired playing Qixun to oral administration, but not reckless Seoul.

② “Ben Cao Jing Shu”: castor-oil plant, its power longer than closing the suction, and it could pull the sick air go out the sacrifice of good income, and it could recover pus taken poison can be a visible lag, but also profit off orifices, it is main water disease.

③ “doctors Lin compile”: castor, Xiefei gas under the line, the decision of the highest water down, escape off the orifices, meridians, tune up and down. Or cloud service lifetime can not to eat Chaodou, also not.

④ The Herbal justice “: castor bean, smell gamping, near Lake thought Camsing level, in fact, no pungent; stone stubborn thought Wen Yi and Heng used to dissipate outside the ulcer swelling inflammation thermal disorder may be evidence against his nature must be The cool stone stubborn nor yes. Its goodness to go to good bulk, Danxi thought to be able to recover the pus to take drugs, go out pulling evil, even is not true; industry division Zhu rid of the outer ulcer where Sida mention pus drugs, do not this, subject to refund to eliminate sun poisoning swelling, and hair Yi, M. scrofulaceum, mastitis embolism, homemade one thousand hammer cream party, dedicated castor bean jen pestle fine, and frankincense, gum incense, vermilion, musk into a paste, namely, the redness of inflammation, the potential pyogenes and can also be 10 elimination eighty-nine dissipate the power is next, how the mistake to mention poison go out. Near the lake do not move to the rule of partial wind mouth head askew, cover also go fleeing into contact with its can tongbi, non can pull out the meridians of the wind cold blood contact. Contained in the “outline”, a partial wind, hands and feet do not move near the lake this oil with musk, the Lingli Grade for cream, the friction of the cured, is really three gas hybrid wind cold dampness of Bi joint by, so experience, this observation is often non-fuzzy vague also. Danxi also think that a visible lag thing, so they chose births afterbirth left bone sepsis used, also because of its good to go the speed of the moving ears. Near the lake that one a throat disease arm, in order to trace and plaster, a night but the more you take channeling the dissipation of the power ear.
Castor bean, Chinese herbal medicines
Source
From the Tang Materia Medica. ”

One. “Tang Materia Medica: castor, this earth are the kinds of persons, leaves like marijuana leaves and large, his son, such as ticks, also known as grass linen. This HU to those who stem red, tree height, Zhang Yu, the child, such as honey locust nuclear, with the benefits good.

Sichuan Herbal: “Maps of the cloud (Ricinus communis) tree bark, leaves like marijuana several times larger, sub-shells have a thorn, in fact, greater than the Croton green and yellow classes. With stems and leaves in summer, autumn harvest, child, winter mining roots, dry. HU to stem sub-times larger, where there is the Yun ‘like Rong grass and Heavy stem red section flexor mouth of the first sugar cane.

Three. “Outline”: castor-oil plant, stem red white, hollow; leaves the size of
Basic information – Pinyin Bì Má Zi; English name of the Castor bean; alias – Dioscorea Asako, castor benevolence, large pockmarks, red large pockmarks.
Source
Medicine-based Source: Euphorbiaceae castor seeds. Latin plant and animal mineral name: ricinus is communis, L. harvesting and storage: year from August to November capsule was brown, not crack, the first sunny day in batches cut infructescence, ted, threshing, and cleanse.
The original form
Castor, tall, annual herb, in the tropics or the southern region, often into a perennial shrub or small tree. The young part of the white powder, green or slightly purple, glabrous. Leaves alternate, with long-handled; blade shield-shaped round, diameter 15-60cm, sometimes up to 90cm, palmately split to less than half of the blade, lobes 5-11, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex acuminate with serrate margins, the main veins palmate. Panicles and leaves opposite and Ting-sheng, 10-30cm long or longer, lower raw male, the upper born female flower; petals of the same strain, apetalous; male calyx 3-5 cleft; stamens many, filaments much branched; female calyx 3-5 to understand; ovary 3 rooms, 1 ovule in each room; style, dark red, 2 – lobed. Capsule globose, length 1-2cm, soft thorns, cracking mature seeds oblong, smooth stripes. Flowering from May to August, fruiting period from July to October.

Habitat distribution – all over the country cultivated.
Cultivation
Biological characteristics of

Prefer warm humid climate, suitable growth temperature is 20-28 ° C from emergence to maturity accumulated temperature of 2000-3500 ° C, germination temperature of not less than 10 ° C, the growth temperature exceeds 35 ° C stunted seedlings case of a cold spell -8-1 ° C. or The case of Qiu -2 – 3 ° C by frost damage. Seedling soil moisture 12% -14%, 15% -20% of the flowers and fruits of the soil water content. Emergence to fruit maturity required 85-115d. Resistant to drought, salinity and weak acid soil. Appropriate to the sunny, deep, loose and fertile, well drained soil cultivation.

Cultivation techniques

Seed Propagation: Particle Size large, plump, fully ripe seed, remove about 45-50 ° C warm water 24h, stalls at 20 ° C indoor germination until seed Lu Bai, north in April, after ten days, from February to March in the South sowing, Dibble, each 65cm-100cm open Dibble grain line spacing in the rows, overburden, a little suppression, watering.

Field management

After emergence, seedling height 12-15cm, thinning, and fill the gaps with seedlings, seedling height 25cm Dingmiao stay strong seedling per hole 2-3 strains, combined with the loose soil weeding, earthing up, Shi Ren Chufen fat, 6-July Zaishi a appropriate increase in phosphorus, potassium. Six true leaves, put off the main stem terminal bud to promote collateral growth. Pruning, control of plant growth, stripping the buds of protecting flowers, remove the immature inflorescence of axillary bud, cut in July of vegetative shoots to promote autumn seeds mature. See more raw castor felling updated to retain 3-4 bud, nurture pro-sticks from the ground about 30cm pulp trunk or a branch saw cutting.
Pest and disease control
The disease is root rot, and damage plant roots, so that black was Shuizi Zhuang rot, the plants withered, spray lime, or 70% PCNB powder, and timely trenching to exclude water. Pests, spider mite, damage young shoots, can be sprayed 20% Sanlvshaman sulfone WP 600 times with tobacco lime control. Another leaf cockroach, earth tigers, cotton bollworm, slug, castor armyworm infestation.
Characters
Character identification seeds oval or oval, slightly flat, length 0.9-1.8cm wide and 0.5-1cm. The surface is smooth, gray and dark brown or yellowish brown with reddish brown and white flowers striped. Flat on one side, one side than the bulge, flat side of an uplift of the ridge; one end of a gray or light brown protruding caruncle. Kinds of thin and brittle endosperm hypertrophy, white, rich oily. Cotyledons 2, meager. Odorless. A slightly bitter taste. To a full preferred. Microscopic Identification of cross-section of seed: one of the testa cells rectangular, outside cuticle, under 3-4 columns of thin-walled cells, and then under a palisade cells, wall thickness, wood; endotesta The number of column thin-walled cells, which scattered the threaded catheter. Endosperm and cotyledons were vague powder.
Chemical composition
Seed containing protein (of protein) 18% -26%, 64% -71% of the fatty oil (oil), carbohydrates (carbohydrate), 2.50% of the phenolic substances (phe-nolic dubstance), ricin (ricin) and castor alkali (ricinine,) 0.087% -0.15%. The vast majority of the composition of the fatty oil triglyceride (triglyceride, and triglyceride) and glycerides (glycerol ester), a small amount of sterol (sterol), phospholipids (phospholipids) and free fatty acids (free fattyacid), hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon) and wax (wax), glycerides of fatty acids in castor oil acid (ricinoleic acid) 84% -91%, oleic acid (oleic acid) 3.l% -5.9%, linoleic acid (linolenic acid) 2.9% -6.5%, 1.4% -2.1% of stearic acid (stearic acid), palmitic acid (palmitic acid,) 0.9% -1.5%; phospholipid content of 0% -0.12%, phosphatidic acid ethanolamine (phosphatidyl ethanolamine) and its degradation products accounted for 83% of phosphatidyl choline (phosphatidyl choline.) accounted for 13%, 4% other phospholipids; phospholipid fatty acid composition: palmitic acid (27.7%), stearic acid (12.9%), oleic acid (18.5%), Asia oleic acid (33.2%) and does not contain castor oil acid; 0.3% of free fatty acids, which accounted for 78.5% of castor oil acid, octadecadienoic acid (octadecadienoic acid) accounted for 8.4%, + eight carbon acid (octadecenoic acid) accounted for 5.2%; ricin ricin D, acidic ricin (acidicricin), alkaline ricin (Basic ricin), ricin E and ricin T et al. The seeds also contain a lectin (agglutinin) and lipase (lipase). Seed coat containing 30 – to a lupine-3β-ol -20 – one (30-norlupan-3β-ol-20-one).
Pharmacological effects
(1) anti-tumor effect: 1.1 The role of experimental tumors: ricin a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro and variant cell lines are sensitive ,0.002-0 .3mcg/ml can inhibit lymphadenoma SI, BW5147 MBC2, EL2, myeloma P3, C1, RBC5, S117, S194, J588, MOPC315 / P and myeloid leukemia C1498’s growth. Ricin can also inhibit the in vitro cultures of normal cells and a variety of animal tumor cells. The experiments also demonstrated that it is virus caused by variation of the fibroblast (SV3T3) is more sensitive than normal 3T3 cells. Ricin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, hepatoma. Cervical carcinoma U14, sarcoma S180 and leukemia and other animals transplanted tumors have a certain therapeutic effect. 1,3 days after inoculation, the ip 7.5mcg/kg able to complete inhibition of Ehrlich ascites cancer cell growth, mice survival time. Ip ricin toxic protein 25mcg/kg, enable cancer cells after 48 hours decreased by 90%; almost all cancer cells form in the 96 hours after the change as follows: cell expansion, nuclear vacuoles and the mitosis stop, dark stained cytoplasm. also occurred around the irregular vacuoles. 1.2 The role of Principle: Ricin can be strongly inhibited protein synthesis of a variety of cancer cells, moderate-intensity inhibition of DNA synthesis, while a slight inhibition of RNA synthesis. According to the ricin rabbit net woven cell lysis products (Iysaie) cell-free system (Cell free in a system), strongly inhibited protein synthesis, and proved that it is not affect cancer cell glucose metabolism or amino acid extraction, but strongly inhibited protein synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes. Ricin has two peptide chains linked by the S-S chain. Play a role in a pyrolysis process, released after lysis of the A chain and B chain, A chain is called the effect chain (Effectoner); B chain is called the binding chain (Haptomer) B chain on the cell surface carbohydrate by binding, the free A-chain or the toxic protein molecules through the membrane into the cytoplasm, with the 60-S subunit of ribosome, inhibiting the enzyme combination of aminoacyl t-RNA and ribosome’s, so that the nucleic acid elongation factor reduction, so that the nucleic acid inactivation, inhibition of protein synthesis, and lead to cell death. Similarity with the ricin structure of abrin (Abrin) by the combination of such toxic proteins with the cell surface of lactose residues monosaccharide is a common binding site includes two or more sugar. Neuraminidase-treated cells, increase the binding site, and have proved: the single sugar chain of the surface of tumor cells and normal cells differentiated the glycoprotein excessive sialic acid glycolipids often contain incomplete chain. Incomplete chain easy to combine with the toxic protein, this could explain the toxic protein such as anti-cancer effects. 2 cell aggregation: In the past, a lot of information that the ricin in vitro, animal and human red blood cells, small intestinal cells, liver cells and other cells, tissue suspension have a strong aggregation. However, in recent years found that castor seeds with agglutination activity of the substance is non-toxic ricin hemagglutinin, ricin is not hemagglutination role. Ricin hemagglutinin agglutination speed determined by the amount of hemagglutinin and red blood cells, pH, alkaline environment conducive to blood clotting. The hemagglutinin agglutination serum complement, this complement can be interchangeable, such as goats and guinea pigs. The the hemagglutination role in addition to activation by the serum complement, but also activated by some reducing agent such as cysteine and ascorbic acid. Ricin hemagglutinin at the same time produce agglutination accompanied by similar to papain proteolysis, was probably the role of the receptor-destroying enzyme. 3 hot original role: Ricin is a very strong pyrogen. Its variety of mammals and humans have a very strong pyrogenic effect, 0.05-0 .2mcg/kg can produce pyrogen reaction, the original than any other hot strong and durable, and long incubation period. The rats sc ricin protein 20mcg/kg in, 3.5 hours after the temperature began to rise, the duration of more than six hours. Repeated injections can produce tolerance, but no cross-tolerance with bacteria pyrogen. The thermal reaction it causes can be used aspirin. Non-phenacetin and other antipyretic. It is felt that it can be used as a tool for drug antipyretic experiment. (4) immune response: ricin has a strong antigenicity in various ways to enter the human or various mammals to produce antibodies and allergic reactions, such antibodies in the blood of farmers planting castor, called ricin antibodies, very stable, in addition, also allows the in vivo non-specific antibodies increased. Plasma component in this process change, the role of the liver toxicity, albumin levels gradually increased with the level of liver regeneration in albumin, a-globulin increased, while the B-globulin decreased. The ricin-specific destruction of protein synthesis can be the role of antibody decline; pyrogen reaction can also be suppressed. Ricin cytotoxicity, therefore, can inhibit macrophages and other cells involved in immune function. Castor hemagglutinin can also precipitate the immunoglobulin, complete precipitation of IgM; but only precipitation IgG10 precipitation reaction occurs only with IgG3 and IgG1 response. In anesthetized rabbits (5) the role of the cardiovascular and respiratory system: 1 iv ricin 3.2mcg/kg produce heart, liver, renal toxic effects threshold dose is less than the amount on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems significantly affected. Injection 250-500mcg/kg anesthetized cats, blood pressure went up, pulse, breathing speed up or increase in volume and moisture. When the injection dose increased to 30mg/kg, blood pressure drops to zero, cardiac arrest in diastole, appear during tidal breathing and death; the ECG R-R interval prolongation, the P wave disappeared, T wave inversion. Anesthesia cat the iv ricin 250-500mcg/kg can slightly the fight against the B-receptor stimulant isoproterenol. First injection of the veratryl alkali 25mg/kg, and then injected with ricin can make epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, vasopressin, and histamine in pharmacological effects diminish. Ricin can also reduce the reflection effect of the of veratryl alkali and nicotine. Castor alkali can also be caused by the experimental animals decreased blood pressure, respiratory depression may be related to molecules contained in the cyano-related. Castor leaves water decoction can make normal amplitude increases away from the frog heart and chloral hydrate, ergot extract, acetyl choline, atropine, quinine, potassium chloride poisoning frog heart. The water decoction can make dogs blood pressure, hindlimb blood vessels to dilate. 6. Other effects: Ricin can affect respiration of the various types of white blood cells in vitro. 0.3-33mcg/ml can reduce the oxygen consumption of the monocyte, ,16.6-33 .2mcg/ml,, lymphocyte oxygen consumption can be reduced, increasing the oxygen consumption of neutrophils; when the concentration increased to 66.6mcg / ml, neutrophils breathing is also inhibited.
Toxicity
Toxicity: castor bean contains ricin and castor base, especially the former, can cause poisoning. 4-7 years old children clothing castor bean 2-7 can cause poisoning, and death. 20 for adults and can be deadly. African production castor bean 2 allows adult to death, children only one, but there are reports able to restore service after 24. Ricin is a protein enzyme, 7 mg to adult deaths. 2 castor bean poisoning symptoms: headache, gastroenteritis, increased body temperature, leukocytosis and blood as the left, no urine, chicken pox, cold sweat, hair and beard cramps, cardiovascular collapse; symptoms of poisoning, often of a longer incubation period . Ricin induced acute poisoning, mainly to produce liver and kidney damage, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, castor-oil plant in lectin agglutination and blood. Huzhou rural castor bean fry eat no toxic ricin damage may be due to heating. 3 lethal dose of the castor bean on a variety of animals (g / kg) as follows: hen, duck, goose 0.4, rabbit. Pig 2.3 Pig 1.3, cows, small goats 0.5, goats 5.5, 1.25 sheep, horses 0.1. Ricin iv LD50 in mice 1 6-12mcg/kg. Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory production of ricin in mice 1 iv LD50 of 47.97mcg/kg; rabbits an iv MTD 3.2mcg/kg; home free iv daily, continuous 16 times the MTD 1.6mcg/kg. 10h to a few days after the death of the mice ip or iv lethal dose of ricin. Poisoning long process to see weight loss is generally administered after 12h, 24h after the animal side. Sometimes chronic shock twin, dyspnea, opisthotonus, central nervous system disorders. The 3min animals after the first shock twin died of respiratory paralysis. Poisoning is often accompanied by severe diarrhea, may also be one of the reasons the death of the animal. 4. Ricin acute, subacute poisoning of animals (rats and mice, guinea pigs and rabbits, etc.) most of the organs and tissues of the Ministry of functional and morphological changes. The main side effects in the liver, small intestine, and endocrine glands. Network layer on the role, including the destruction of liver cells, accompanied by minor changes in mitochondria, so that the liver necrosis. Serious damage than the small intestine is the main reason for diarrhea, the various organs and tissues of the endocrine system is very sensitive to ricin, enable the animal cells of the hypothalamus, adrenal, pituitary, thymus, testis, ovary, pancreas, and lymphoid tissue , hemorrhagic necrosis and degeneration. Can damage the reticuloendothelial system and cause the nuclear chromatin of maxillary ganglion and chest wall bundles at the peripheral nerve damage. Ricin poisoning of animal blood clotting time, This is due to interference with glucose metabolism in the lower thrombin, coagulation activating enzyme, and enable the animal red blood cells, elevated WBC count, blood glucose and urea levels, so that the blood magnesium ion concentration decreased, the concentration of calcium ions, Ca2 +: Mg2 + to 7.75: 1 to 2:1, which may be related to the pyrogen reaction. Ricin acute poisoning, animal blood glucose, glycogen, total protein and hematocrit decreased, lactose, non-protein nitrogen, amino acids, inorganic phosphorus. Acid phosphate and lactic acid, pyruvic acid, elevated liver function (SGOT, SGPT, LDH) disorder. Be seen when the acute poisoning of ricin slightly different hematological changes and chronic poisoning. The 7mg ricinine 160mg or ricin in castor beans can lead to death for adults. Some people think that ricin than 22 times the toxicity of hydrocyanic acid, it can make 1g 3600 people were killed.
Distinguish
Physical and chemical identification (1) to take this product (with skin) powder of about 0.5g, add 5ml of 50% ethanol, cold soak 2h, filtration. The filtrate evaporated to about 0.5ml capillary drops on filter paper and sprayed with indene ninhydrin test solution, drying to now, the purple spots. (Check the amino acid) (2) to take this product powder 1g, hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (PH2) 10ml, boiling Baptist 30min, filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to 1.5ml, divided into three parts, dropping in a small test-tube potassium iodide aluminum, mercury potassium iodide, iodine potassium iodide test solution 2 drops, orange, brown, reddish brown precipitate. (Check alkaloids)
Cooked
A crack seed shell, picking the seed kernel. . “Lei Gong Treatise on: Where to make the castor bean, first to cook for half a day and the skin with salt soup, peeled child research with. The liver through three. “Ben Cao Meng Quan: castor bean, the repair system avoid iron, character, taste sweet; Xin; level; a small drug [Meridian] the large intestine; lung; spleen;
Indications
Swelling Sida; Daozhi diarrhea; meridians interest awakened. Swelling poison of the main ulcer; scrofula; mastitis; Houbi; scabies scabies ringworm sores; burns; edema, puffiness; dry stool guitar; Kouyanwaixie; bruises

Usage and dosage – external: amount of pound deposited in or deposited. Oral: into the pills, 1-5g; Health research or fried.

Note – pregnant women, and they slip Jifu. “Ben Cao Jing Shu”: a weak stomach, large intestine is not solid, Shenwu light use.
Attached to side
(1) treatment of sores pus: castor bean 20 pieces, peeled, and a little salt, rice, pound evenly wrap the affected area, twice a day to change. (“Fujian folk medicine”)

② governance ulcer early: peeled castor stem a rosin four. Castor bean mash Jiaru Song powder fully stirred to a paste with water, placed in cold water to cool into a paste alternate. With white plaster the size of the wound surface, spread paper or cloth, posted on the affected area. (Selection of Liaoning “herbal health law information.”)

The scrofulous ③ rule: castor bean, fried, peeled rotten chewing / Lu sleep serving three, two, and gradually add to the number of pieces. (“Ben Cao Yan Yi)

(4) governance pharynx in the sores: the Dioscorea the pock one (peeled), Puxiao a money. With the research, draw water for one, even into three efficiency. (“Quasi-medical”)

⑤ Governance throat abscess: castor seed Asako, take the meat hammer is broken, scroll to make simple, burning type of smoke the. (“Medical Story of St. chimney)

The ⑥ governance Zhu bone choking: castor bean seven. Shelled small study into the calcite at the end, wrapped around to make wet and dry the bamboo fence child pick two, three money choking in awhile pharynx with water the next. (Wechsler family Tibet Party “)

⑦ governance Pandora wind, fingers twin curved stem pain can not tolerate, and gradually to break off: castor twelve (peeled) of Coptis one or two (file, such as beans). A small bottle into the water to one liter with dip, three days of spring and summer, autumn and winter on the 5th, after taking the castor bean, a, Chao He, to Baptist syrup Pingdan a gradual increase to four, five, low-profit wish, the bottle less water even more. Avoid moving wind food. (>>) << Medical quasi-power ⑧ governance soup burns: castor bean, Gefen decile. The study cream. Tang damage the oil-coated, fire sore Xu, mix it with water. ("Health will square) The ⑨ rule of dog bite: 50 tablets of castor beans. Peeled, well water study cream to salt water and wash the bite at the castor seed hemp cream paste. ("Pocket square") The the ⑩ governance ethos headache can not tolerate: frankincense, castor Ren decile. Pound cake, paste with about the temple. ("Checklist") (11) Treatment of Infantile epilepsy hernia: castor Ren three, spines just child (peeled) thirty, the Shiyan Zi (burn) a, talc (end) two money Ba, Fan Hong (Research) half the money Pakistan. Pound study of the previous five ignorant, thin batter and pills, such as green beans, each serving 15 pills under the hollow, the fried Dengxin soup. ("San Franciscans overall record castor pill) (12) governance to help asthma cough: castor bean shelled fry, pick sweet to see eat, multi-service effective. ("Health is easy simple square") (13) Governance dystocia and afterbirth no less than seven: castor bean. Research such as paste, coating the soles of the heart, the child and clothing to the next, they wash away the speed. ("Sea set prescription.") (14) gave birth and stillbirth no fewer than: the castor three croton four. Small study, into the of musk little paste umbilical heart. (Health Jiabao Party ") (15) rule the uterus to take off: castor kernels, dry alum decile. Trustee for the end of the security paper, still castor Ren fourteen research ointment top heart. (Summary Parties ") With violence (16) suffering from rectal prolapse: one or two castor bean. Paste, rotten pole twist for speaking child, two-finger spacious posted Hang on; female mouth Peng permit prolapse of the rectum, the end of the raw aconite, onions, garlic paste, the same research affixed pursuant to the preceding method. ("Heart of live young castor cream) (17) Governing Kouyanwaixie: castor bean jen seven. Research for the end of the right crooked Safety in the left hand heart, left crooked in the right heart, but with copper Yu Sheng hot water. Suppository, cold-replace five or six times, that is positive. ("Woman recipe") Each discourse One. "Outline": castor benevolence, the smell was very close to Croton, also Liren, so the water gas. Its goodness to go, all orifices can be opened meridians, it can cure the partial wind aphonia, Koujin mouth head skew, head wind, distributed to various diseases, beyond the tangible things. Castor oil can pull the symptoms of illness, Zhu cream and more used. A partial wind of human disease, hand, foot and do not move, when infiltration with this oil with suet, Hong bacteria, acid-carp-level drug, fried for friction cream, Japan Mount several times more than a month, becoming complex of service found the wind phlegm nourishing agent March, and more. A throat disease arm, also with castor pound plaster of night cured. One migraine disease blood, with frankincense, and salt pound deposited temples, night pain only. Sub intestine after a maternity collection, pound benevolence of its pubic region, last night. Topical This medicine tired the playing Qixun, but oral administration, can not be lightly Seoul. . "Ben Cao Jing Shu": castor-oil plant, its power longer than closing the suction, and it could pull the sick air go out of their goodness to close, and it could catch the pus taken poison can be a visible lag, but also profit off orifices, it is main water disease. (3) medical Lin usurp To: castor bean, Xiefei gas below the line, decisions under the highest water clearance orifices meridians, tune up and down. Or cloud service lifetime can not eat fried beans, also otherwise. Herbal justice ": castor bean, smell gamping, near Lake thought Camsing level, in fact, no car smell; stone stubborn temperature, the Secretary 'evidence against his nature must cool stone stubborn that nor. Goodness given good bulk Danxi thought retreat pus take poison, pulling the evil go out, even it is not true; industry division Zhu rid of the external ulcers, where Sida mention the pus drugs, do not this, subject to refund to eliminate sun poisoning swelling, and hair yee, Cave ulcer, mastitis embolism, homemade thousand hammer battalion party dedicated castor bean jen pestle fine, and frankincense, gum incense, vermilion, musk into a paste, that is, the red red flame, potential pyogenes and can also be 10 elimination eighty-nine dissipate the power is next, how the mistake to mention poison go out. Near the lake do not move to the rule of partial wind mouth head askew, cover also go fleeing into contact with its can tongbi, non can pull out the meridians of the wind cold blood contact. Contained in the "outline" - a partial wind, hands and feet do not move near Lake this oil with Hong Hong, decorated carp Grade cream, while the more friction of, is really three gas hybrid wind cold dampness of Bi joint by , so there is experience, this observation is often non-fuzzy vague also. Danxi thought out visible lag thing, so they chose births afterbirth, the remaining bone sepsis, and also because of its good given the speed of the moving ear. Near the lake that one a throat disease arm, in order to trace and plaster, a night but the more you take channeling the dissipation of the power ear. Tang Materia Medica: the main water drowning. 6. Japan Hanako Materia Medica: flood control inflation Fu Man, the fine study of water service; sore Sport scabies amount, can also research apply. 7 Herbal derivative meaning of the Residual: the tangible quality of the lag thing, so they chose births and afterbirth, leftover bone, blood and pus to see with. The "Checklist": the main partial wind fail to materialize, aphonia mouth of Europe, head wind deaf brother, tongue swelling, Houbi help asthma, athlete's foot, poison, Dan, tumor, soup burns, needle into the meat, the woman retained placenta, sub-intestinal Ting out, open the off awakened meridian, can stop all the pain, swelling, to retire pus pull poison. Clinical application The treatment of facial palsy: Take the castor bean shelled mashed joints and mouth spreads in the ipsilateral temporal Department (thick 0.3cm), plus a gauze bandage. Dressing 1 a day. Treatment of three cases were cured within 10 days. Extract of the Chinese herbal medicine " 蓖麻子進出口批發商名片蓖麻子,大戟科植物蓖麻的種子。本品有消腫拔毒，瀉下通滯的作用。用於癰疽腫毒，喉痺，大便燥結等症狀。蓖麻，大戟科植物的一種，一年或多年生草本植物。全株光滑，上被蠟粉，通常呈綠色、青灰色或紫紅色；莖圓形中空，有分枝；葉互生較大，掌狀分裂；圓錐花序，單性花無花瓣，雌花著生在花序的上部，淡紅色花柱，雄花在花序的下部，淡黃色；蒴果有刺或無刺；橢圓形種子，種皮硬，有光澤並有黑、白、棕色斑紋。喜高溫，不耐霜，酸鹼適應性強。目錄蓖麻子植物基本信息藥用信息蓖麻子, 中藥材基本信息功用主治選方臨床應用名家論述蓖麻子中藥材　基本信息來源原形態栽培病蟲害防治性狀化學成份藥理作用毒性鑑別炮製功能主治附方各家論述臨床應用蓖麻子植物基本信息藥用信息蓖麻子中藥材基本信息功用主治選方臨床應用名家論述蓖麻子中藥材　出處基本信息來源原形態栽培病蟲害防治性狀化學成份藥理作用毒性鑑別炮製功能主治附方各家論述臨床應用本段蓖麻子植物基本信息　　草藥名：蓖麻子　　英文名 Castor seed【醫】【拉丁名】 semen ricini 　　【科】大戟科　　【屬】蓖麻屬　　本品為大戟科植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L. 的干燥成熟種子。秋季採摘,成熟果實，曬乾，除去果殼，收集種子。藥用信息　　【性狀】本品呈橢圓形或卵形，稍扁，長0.9～1.8cm，寬0.5～1cm。表面光滑，有灰白色與黑褐色或黃棕色與紅棕色相間的花斑紋。一面較平，一面較隆起，較平的一面有1條隆起的種脊；一端有灰白色或淺棕色突起的種阜。種皮薄而脆。胚乳肥厚，白色，富油性，菲薄，無臭，味微苦辛。　　【性味與歸經】甘、辛，平；有毒。歸大腸、肺經。　　【功能與主治】消腫拔毒，瀉下通滯。用於癰疽腫毒，喉痺，大便燥結。　　【用法與用量】外用適量，搗爛敷患處，亦可入丸劑內服。　　【貯藏】置陰涼乾燥處。蓖麻子, 中藥材基本信息蓖麻子(《唐本草》) 　　【異名】萆麻子(《雷公炮炙論》)，蓖麻仁(《聖濟總錄》)，大麻子(《中國藥植志》)，紅大麻子(《藥材學》)。　　來源-為大戟科植物蓖麻的種子。　　植物形態-蓖麻(《唐本草》)，又名：牛蓖子草、紅蓖麻、勒菜、杜麻、草麻。一年生草本，在熱帶變成多年生灌木，高2～3米，莖直立，無毛，綠色或稍紫色。具白粉。單葉互生，具長柄；葉片盾狀圓形。直徑20～40厘米，掌狀分裂至葉片的一半以下，7～9裂。邊緣有不規則鋸齒，主脈掌狀。花單性，總狀或圓錐花序，頂生，下部生雄花，上部生雌花；苞及小苞卵形或三角形；雄花花被3～5，裂片卵狀三角形，無花盤，雄蕊多而密，合生成束；雌花的苞與雄花的相同，花被同雄花而稍狹，無花盤及遺形雄蕊，雌蕊卵形，子房3室，花柱3，紅色，頂端2叉。　　蒴果球形，有刺，成熟時開裂。花期5～8月。果期7～10月。全國大部分地區有栽培。本植物的根(蓖麻根)、葉(蓖麻葉)以及種子榨出的油(蓖麻油)亦供藥用，各詳專條。　　採集-秋季果實變棕色，果皮未開裂時分批採摘，曬乾，除去果皮。　　藥材-乾燥種子略呈扁的廣卵形，長8～18毫米，直徑6～9毫米。腹面平坦，背面稍隆起，較小的一端，有似海綿狀突出的種阜，並有臍點，另一端有合點，種臍與合點間的種脊明顯。外種皮平滑，有光澤，顯淡紅棕色相間的斑紋，質堅硬而脆。內種皮白色薄膜狀，包裹白色油質的內胚乳；子葉2枚菲薄，位於種子中央。氣微弱，味油膩性。似粒大、飽滿、赤褐色、有光澤的為佳。全國大部分地區均產。【化學成分】種子含脂肪油40～50%，油餅含蓖麻鹼、蓖麻毒蛋白及脂肪酶。含脂肪油（蓖麻油），油中含順蓖麻酸（ricinoleic acid）、亞油酸、油酸等，並含蓖麻毒蛋白D（ricin D）、酸性毒蛋白（acid ricin）、鹼性毒蛋白（basic ricin）、蓖麻鹼（ricinine）、芹菜甙元（apigenin）、綠原酸（chlorogenic acid）、芸香甙（rutin）等。　　藥理作用 ①瀉下作用蓖麻種子中的油本身並無致瀉作用，在十二指腸內受脂肪分解酶的作用，皂化成蓖麻油酸鈉與甘油，蓖麻油酸鈉對小腸有刺激性，引起腸蠕動增強，小腸內容物急速向結腸推進，在服藥後2～6小時，排出半流質糞便，排便後可有暫時的便秘；加大劑量不能增強效力，未水解部分很快排泄到大腸，蓖麻油酸吸收後，與其他脂肪酸一樣在體內代謝分解，因此，蓖麻油作為瀉劑是比較安全的；由於味道不好，可以製成乳劑內服。蓖麻油能阻礙山道年的吸收，並非由於腹瀉引起。　 ②其他作用蓖麻油本身刺激性小，可作為皮膚滑潤劑用於皮炎及其他皮膚病，作成油膏劑用於燙傷及潰瘍，種子的糊劑用於皮膚黑熱病的潰瘍，此外可用於眼瞼炎；作為溶劑以除去眼的刺激物，局部應用於陰道及子宮頸疾患。　　毒性-蓖麻子中含蓖麻毒蛋白及蓖麻鹼，特別是前者，可引起中毒。 4～7歲小兒服蓖麻子2～7粒可引起中毒、致死。成人20粒可致死。非洲產蓖麻子2粒可使成人致死，小兒僅需一粒，但也有報告服24粒後仍能恢復者。蓖麻毒蛋白可能是一種蛋白分解酶，7毫克即可使成人死亡。蓖麻子中毒後之症狀有：頭痛、胃腸炎、體溫上升、白細胞增多、血像左移、無尿、黃疸、冷汗、頻發痙攣、心血管虛脫：中毒症狀之發生常有一較長的潛伏期。蓖麻毒蛋白引起大鼠急性中毒，主要產生肝及腎的傷害，碳水化物代謝紊亂，蓖麻中的凝集素可與血球起凝集作用。湖州農村將蓖麻子炒熱吃未見中毒，可能由於加熱使蓖麻毒蛋白破壞。　　炮製-敲碎種子外殼，揀取種仁用。　　 ①《雷公炮炙論》：凡使蓖麻子，先須和皮用鹽湯煮半日，去皮取子研過用。　　 ②《本草蒙筌》：蓖麻子，修制忌鐵。　　性味-甘辛，平，有毒。 ①《唐本草》：甘辛，平，有小毒。 ②《玉楸藥解》：味苦，氣平。　　歸經-入大腸。肺經。　　 ①《雷公炮製藥性解》：入脾、大腸二經。　　 ②《本草再新》：入肝、脾、肺三經。　　 ③《本草撮要》：入手太陰，足太陽經。功用主治　　消腫拔毒，瀉下通滯。治癰疽腫毒，瘰癧，喉痺，疥癩癬瘡，水腫腹滿，大便燥結。　　 ①《唐本草》：主水症。　　 ②《日華子本草》：治水脹腹滿，細研水服；瘡痍疥癩，亦可研敷。　　 ③《本草衍義補遺》：能出有形質之滯物，故取胎產、胞衣、剩骨、膿血者用之。　　 ④《綱目》：主偏風不遂，失音口噤，頭風耳聾，舌脹，喉痺，齁喘，腳氣毒腫，丹瘤，湯火傷，針刺入肉，女人胎衣不下，子腸挺出，開通關竅經絡，能止諸痛，消腫追膿拔毒。　　用法與用量-外用：搗敷或調敷。內服：入丸劑、生研或炒食。　　宜,忌-孕婦及便滑者忌服。《本草經疏》：脾胃薄弱、大腸不固之人，慎勿輕用。選方 ①治疔瘡膿腫：蓖麻子二十多顆，去殼，和少量食鹽、稀飯搗勻，敷患處，日換兩次。 (《福建民間草藥》) 　　 ②治癰疽初起：去皮蓖麻子一份，松香四份。將蓖麻子搗碎加入松香粉充分攪拌，用開水攪成糊狀，置於冷水中冷卻成膏狀備用。用時將白膏藥按瘡面大小攤於紙或布上貼患處。 (遼寧《中草藥新醫療法資料選編》) 　　 ③治瘰癧：蓖麻子炒熱，去皮，爛嚼，臨睡服三、二枚，漸加至十數枚。 (《本草衍義》) 　　 ④治咽中瘡腫：萆麻子一枚(去皮)，朴硝一錢。同研，新汲水作一服，連進二、三服效。 (《醫準》) 　　 ⑤治喉痺：萆麻子，取肉捶碎，紙捲作筒，燒煙吸之。 (《醫學正傳》聖煙筒) 　　 ⑥治諸骨哽：蓖麻子七粒。去殼研細，入寒水石末，纏令乾濕得所，以竹篾子挑二、三錢入喉中，少頃以水咽之即下。 (《魏氏家藏方》) 　　 ⑦治癘風，手指攣曲，節間痛不可忍，漸至斷落：蓖麻一兩(去皮)，黃連一兩(銼如豆)。以小瓶子入水一升，同浸，春夏三日，秋冬五日，後取蓖麻子一枚，擘破，以浸藥水，平旦時一股，漸加至四、五枚，微利不妨，瓶中水少更添。忌動風食。 (《醫準》) 　　 ⑧治湯火傷：蓖麻子、蛤粉等分。研膏。湯損用油調塗，火瘡用水調塗。 (《養生必用方》) 　　 ⑨治犬咬傷：蓖麻子五十粒。去殼，以井水研膏，先以鹽水洗咬處，次以萆麻膏貼。 (《袖珍方》) 　　 ⑩治風氣頭痛不可忍：乳香、蓖麻仁等分。搗餅，隨左右貼太陽穴。 (《綱目》) 　　 ⑾治小兒頹疝：蓖麻仁三枚，棘剛子(去皮)三十枚，石燕子(燒)一枚，滑石(末)二錢匕，麝香(研)半錢匕。上五味搗研勻，稀麵糊和丸，如綠豆大，每服十五丸，空心，煎燈心湯下。 (《聖濟總錄》蓖麻丸) 　　 ⑿治齁喘咳嗽：蓖麻子去殼炒熱，揀甜者吃，多服見效。 (《衛生易簡方》) 　　 ⒀治難產及胞衣不下：蓖麻子七枚。研如膏，塗腳底心，子及衣才下，便速洗去。 (《海上集驗方》) 　　 ⒁催生並死胎不下：蓖麻子三個，巴豆四個。研細，入麝香少許，貼臍心上。 (《衛生家寶方》) 　　 ⒂治子宮脫下：蓖麻仁、枯礬等分。為末，安紙上托入，仍以蓖麻仁十四枚，研膏塗頂心。 (《摘元方》) 　　 ⒃治暴患脫肛：蓖麻子一兩。爛杵為膏，捻作餅子，兩指寬大，貼囟上；如陰證脫肛，生附子末、蔥、蒜同研作膏，依前法貼之。 (《活幼心書》蓖麻膏) 　　 ⒄治口眼歪斜；蓖麻子仁七七粒。研作餅，右歪安在左手心，左歪安在右手心，卻以銅盂盛熱水，坐藥上，冷即換，五、六次即正也。 (《婦人良方》) 臨床應用 ①治療顏面神經麻痺,取蓖麻子,去殼,搗成泥狀，敷於患側下頜關節及口角部(厚約0.3厘米)，外加紗布繃帶固定。每日換藥1次。治療3例，均於10天內痊癒。　　 ②中毒與解-毒蓖麻子中,所含毒質受熱後即破壞。故中毒者多為生食後發生。曾報告3例小兒，生服蓖麻子仁2～7粒後發生持續嘔吐，並伴腹痛，其中1例嚴重者神誌模糊，出現脫水徵象，手足發冷，瞳孔散大，對光反應遲鈍。經按一般中毒常規處理及對症治療，均漸恢復。名家論述　　 ①《綱目》：蓖麻仁，氣味頗近巴豆，亦能利人，故下水氣。其性善走，能開通鍺竅經絡，故能治偏風失音，口噤、口目歪斜、頭風、七竅諸病，不止於出有形之物而已。蓋鵜鶘油能引藥氣入內，蓖麻油能拔病氣出外，故諸膏多用之。一人病偏風，手足不舉，時珍用此油同羊脂、麝香、鯪鯉甲等藥，煎作摩膏，日摩數次，一月餘慚复，兼服搜風化痰養血之劑，三月而愈。一人病手臂一塊腫痛，亦用蓖麻搗膏貼之，一夜而愈。一人病氣血偏頭痛，用此同乳香、食鹽搗熁太陽穴，一夜痛止。一婦產後子腸不收，搗仁貼其丹田，一夜而上。此藥外用累奏奇勳，但內服不可輕率爾。　　 ②《本草經疏》：蓖麻，其力長於收吸，故能拔病氣出外，其牲善收，故能追膿取毒，能出有形之滯物，又能通利關竅，故主水症。　　 ③《醫林纂要》：蓖麻子，瀉肺氣之下行，能決至高之水而下之，遁關竅，正經絡，調上下。或云服此畢生不能食炒豆，亦不然。　　 ④《本草正義》：蓖麻子，氣味甘平，瀕湖以為甘辛平，其實全無辛味；石頑以為溫，頤且恆用以消散外瘍紅腫焮熱各症，則可證其性必是清涼，石頑之說亦非是。其性善走善散，丹溪以為能追膿取毒，拔邪外出，甚是不確；業師朱氏，兼治外瘍，凡拔毒提膿藥中，從不用此，惟退消陽毒紅腫，及發頤、瘰癧、乳癰等症，有家製千捶膏一方，專用蓖麻子仁杵細，和乳香、膠香、銀硃、麝香成膏，即有紅赤焮高，勢且釀膿者，亦可十消八九，則明消散之功，何可誤認提毒外出。瀕湖以治偏風不舉，口目歪斜，蓋亦用其走竄入絡，可以通痺，非能拔出血絡經脈之風邪。據《綱目》所載，一人偏風，手足不舉，瀕湖以此油同麝香、鯪鯉甲等作膏，摩之而愈，則真是風寒濕三氣雜至之痺著關節者，所以有驗，此辨症之不可模糊隱約者也。丹溪又以為能出有形之滯物，故取胎產胞衣，剩骨膿血者用之，則亦因其善走而速之使動耳。瀕湖又謂一人病手臂一塊腫痛，以此搗膏貼之，一夜而愈，則即走竄消散之功耳。蓖麻子中藥材　出處　　出自《唐本草》，　　 1.《唐本草》：蓖麻，此人間所種者，葉似大麻葉而甚大，其子如蜱又名草麻。今胡中來者莖赤，樹高丈餘，子大如皂莢核，用之益良。　　 2.《蜀本草》：《圖經》雲，(蓖麻)樹生，葉似大麻大數倍，子殼有刺，實大於巴豆，青黃色班。夏用莖葉，秋收子，冬採根，日干。胡中來者莖子更倍大，所在有之。又云對'似蓉草而厚大，莖赤有節屈口首蔗。　　 3.《綱目》：蓖麻，莖有赤有白，中空；其葉大基本信息-拼音名Bì Má Zi ;英文名Castor Bean ;別名-萆麻子、蓖麻仁、大麻子、紅大麻子。來源藥材基源：為大戟科植物蓖麻的種子。拉丁植物動物礦物名：Ricinus communis L. 　　採收和儲藏：當年8-11月蒴果呈棕色、未開裂時，先晴天，分批剪下果序，攤曬，脫粒，揚淨。原形態蓖麻, 高大,一年生草本，在熱帶或南方地區,常成多年生灌木或小喬木。幼嫩部分被白粉，綠色或稍呈紫色，無毛。單葉互生，具長柄；葉片盾狀圓形，直徑15-60cm，有時大至90cm，掌狀分裂至葉片的一半以下，裂片5-11，卵狀披針形至長圓形，先端漸尖，邊緣有鋸齒，主脈掌狀。圓錐花序與葉對生及頂生，長10-30cm或更長，下部生雄花，上部生雌花；花瓣性同株，無花瓣；雄花萼3-5裂；雄蕊多數，花絲多分枝；雌花萼3-5理解；子房3室，每室1胚珠；花柱3，深紅色，2裂。蒴果球形，長1-2cm，有軟刺，成熟時開裂，種子長圓形，光滑有斑紋。花期5-8月，果期7-10月。　　生境分佈-全國各地均有栽培。栽培　　生物學特性喜溫暖濕潤氣候，生長適宜溫度為20-28℃出苗至成熟積溫2000-3500℃，種子發芽溫度不低於10℃，生長溫度超過35℃則生長受阻，幼苗遇春寒-8-1℃時或遇秋寒-2--3℃受凍害。苗期土壤含水量12%-14%，花果期土壤含水量15%-20%。出苗至果實成熟需85-115d。耐乾旱，耐鹽鹼及弱酸土壤。以陽光充足、土層深厚、疏鬆肥沃、排水良好的土壤栽培為宜。　　栽培技術種子繁殖：選粒大、飽滿、充分成熟的種子，用45-50℃溫水種24h左右撈出，攤置於20℃的室內催芽，待種子露白後，北方4月旬，南方2-3月播種，穴播，按行株距各65cm-100cm開穴播粒，覆土，稍加鎮壓，澆水。　　田間管理出苗後，苗高12-15cm時要間苗、補苗，苗高25cm時定苗，每穴留壯苗2-3株，並結合鬆土除草、培土，施人畜糞肥，6-7月再施1次，適當增施磷、鉀肥。有6片真葉時，摘去主莖頂芽，促使側枝生長。整枝修剪，控制植株生長，剝芽保花，去掉未成花序的腋芽，7月剪去營養枝，促秋籽成熟。對多看生蓖麻，可砍伐更新，離地面30cm左右，漿主乾或一級枝鋸伐，保留3-4個側芽，培育親枝。病蟲害防治病害有根腐病，為害植株根部，使之發黑呈水漬狀腐爛，植株枯萎，可噴撒石灰或70%五氯硝基苯粉劑，並及時開溝排除積水。蟲害有紅蜘蛛，為害嫩梢，可噴20%三氯殺蟎砜可濕性粉劑600倍液呀用煙草石灰水防治。另有葉蟑、土老虎、棉鈴蟲、刺蛾、蓖麻夜蛾為害。性狀性狀鑑別種子橢圓形或卵形，稍扁，長0.9-1.8cm，寬0.5-1cm。表面光滑，有灰白色與黑褐色或黃棕色與紅棕色相間的花斑紋。一面較平，一面較隆起，較平的一面有1條隆起的種脊；一端有灰白色或淺棕色突起的種阜。種皮薄而脆，胚乳肥厚，白色，富油性。子葉2，菲薄。無臭。味微苦辛。以個大、飽滿者為佳。顯微鑑別種子橫切面：外種皮細胞1列，長方形，外被角質層，其下為3-4列薄壁細胞，再下為1列柵狀細胞，壁厚，木化；內種皮為數列薄壁細胞，其中散有螺紋導管。胚乳和子葉均含糊粉粒。化學成份種子含蛋白質（protein）18％-26％，脂肪油（oil）64％-71％，碳水化合物（carbohydrate）2％，酚性物質（phe-nolic dubstance）2.50％，蓖麻毒蛋白（ricin）及蓖麻鹼（ricinine）0.087％-0.15％。脂肪油的組成絕大部分為三酸甘油（甘油三酯，triglyceride）及甘油酯（glycerol ester），還有少量的甾醇（sterol），磷脂（phospholipid），游離脂肪酸（free fattyacid），碳氫化合物（hydrocarbon）及蠟（wax），甘油酯的脂肪酸中蓖麻油酸（ricinoleic acid）84％-91％，油酸（oleic acid）3.l％-5.9％，亞油酸（linoleic acid）2.9％ -6.5％，硬脂酸（stearic acid）1.4％-2.1％，棕櫚酸（palmitic acid）0.9％-1.5％；磷脂含量0％-0.12％，其中磷脂酸乙醇胺（phosphatidyl ethanolamine）及其降解產物佔83％，磷脂酰膽鹼（phosphatidyl choline）佔13％，其他磷脂佔4％；磷脂的脂肪酸組成為：棕櫚酸（27.7％），硬脂酸（12.9％），油酸（18.5％），亞油酸（33.2％）而不含蓖麻油酸；游離脂肪酸含量0.3％，其中蓖麻油酸佔78.5％，十八碳二烯酸（octadecadienoic acid）佔8.4％，＋八碳烯酸（octadecenoic acid）佔5.2％；蓖麻毒蛋白有蓖麻毒蛋白D，酸性蓖麻毒蛋白（acidicricin），鹼性蓖麻毒蛋白（basic ricin），蓖麻毒蛋白E及蓖麻毒蛋白T等。種子還含凝集素（agglutinin）和脂肪酶（lipase）。種皮含30-去甲羽扇豆-3β-醇-20-酮（30-norlupan-3β-ol-20-one）。藥理作用 1.抗腫瘤作用：1.1.對實驗腫瘤的作用：蓖麻毒蛋白對體外培養的多種腫瘤細胞株和變異細胞株均十分敏感，0.002-0.3mcg/ml可以抑制淋巴腺瘤SI、BW5147、 MBC2、EL2，骨髓瘤P3、C1、RBC5、S117、S194、J588、MOPC315/P和骨髓樣白血病C1498的生長。蓖麻毒蛋白亦能抑制體外培養的正常細胞和各種動物腫瘤細胞。實驗還證明它對病毒致變異的成纖維細胞（SV3T3）比對正常3T3細胞更為敏感。蓖麻毒蛋白對小鼠艾氏腹水癌、腹水肝癌。宮頸癌U14、肉瘤S180及白血病等動物移植性腫瘤均有一定治療作用。於接種後1，3天ip 7.5mcg/kg，能夠完全抑制艾氏腹水癌細胞生長，使小鼠生存時間延長。一次ip蓖麻毒蛋白25mcg/kg，48小時後可使癌細胞減少90%；96小時後幾乎所有的癌細胞形態發生如下改變：細胞膨脹，核出現空泡及有絲分裂停止，胞漿暗染、周圍亦出現不規則的空泡等。 1.2.作用原理：蓖麻毒蛋白可以強烈抑制各種癌細胞的蛋白質合成，中等強度抑制DNA合成，而對RNA合成的抑制輕微。據蓖麻毒蛋白對家兔網織細胞溶胞產物（Iysaie）的無細胞系統（Cell一free system）蛋白質合成有強烈的抑製作用，證明了它不是影響癌細胞的醣代謝或氨基酸的提取，而是強烈地抑制真核生物核蛋白體的蛋白質合成。蓖麻毒蛋白具有二個肽鏈，由S一S鏈相聯。發生作用前有一個裂解過程，裂解後釋放出A鍊和B鏈，A鏈稱之為效應鏈（Effectoner）；B鏈稱之為結合鏈（Haptomer）·B鏈可以與細胞表面的碳水化物受體結合，把游離的A鍊或者整個毒蛋白分子通過質膜帶入胞漿，與核蛋白體60-S亞基發生作用，抑制氨基酰t-RNA與核蛋白體的酶結合，使核酸的延伸因子減少，從而使核酸失活，抑制蛋白質合成，並導致細胞死亡。與蓖麻毒蛋白相似結構的所有相思豆毒蛋白（Abrin），此類毒蛋白與細胞表面的乳糖殘基單醣受結合是共同的，結合部位包括二個以上的糖。用神經氨酸處理細胞，可增加結合部位，已經證明：腫瘤細胞表面的單醣鏈與正常細胞有區別，其糖蛋白有過多的涎酸，醣脂常含有不完整的鏈。不完整的鏈易與毒蛋白結合，此可解釋這類毒蛋白的抗癌作用。 2.細胞凝集作用：過去大量的資料認為蓖麻毒蛋白在體外對各種動物和人類的紅細胞，小腸粘膜細胞，肝細胞及其它細胞，組織懸液均有強烈的凝集作用。但是，近年來發現蓖麻種子裡具有凝集活性的物質是無毒的蓖麻血凝素，而蓖麻毒蛋白沒有血球凝集作用。蓖麻血凝素的凝集速度除了決定於血凝素和紅細胞的量外，還與pH有關，鹼性環境有助血凝。該血凝素在發生凝集作用時需要有血清補體參加，這個補體可以互換，例如山羊和豚鼠。該血凝作用除了可以由血清補體活化外，還可由某些還原劑活化，例如半胱氨酸和抗壞血酸。蓖麻血凝素在產生凝集作用的同時還伴有類似於番木瓜蛋白酶的蛋白質水解作用，可能是受體破壞酶的作用。 3.熱原作用：蓖麻毒蛋白是一個很強的熱原物質。它對各種哺乳類動物和人類都具有十分強的致熱作用，0.05-0.2mcg/kg 就可以產生熱原反應，比其它任何熱原都強而持久，潛伏期也長。大鼠sc蓖麻毒蛋白20mcg/kg，3.5小時後體溫開始升高，持續時間超過6小時。反复注射可以產生耐受性，但與細菌類熱原物質無交叉耐受性。它所造成的熱原反應可用阿司匹林。非那西汀等解熱。故認為它可作為解熱實驗的工具藥。 4.免疫反應：蓖麻毒蛋白具有很強的抗原性，以各種途徑進入人體或各種哺乳動物體內可產生抗體和過敏反應，種植蓖麻的農民血液中也有這種抗體，稱之為蓖麻毒蛋白抗體，十分穩定，除此之外，還可以使體內非特異抗體升高。此過程中血漿組分發生變化，由於肝毒的作用，白蛋白水平下降，隨著肝再生白蛋白水平逐漸上升，a-球蛋白上升，而B-球蛋白下降。說明蓖麻毒蛋白特異地破壞蛋白的合成可以被抗體的作用而減弱；熱原反應也可以被抑制。由於蓖麻毒蛋白能產生細胞毒作用，因此，它能抑制巨噬細胞等參與免疫功能的細胞。蓖麻血凝素還能夠沉澱免疫球蛋白，完全沉澱IgM；但僅沉澱IgG10%，只與IgG3發生沉澱反應，不與IgG1反應。 5.對心血管和呼吸系統的作用：1次iv蓖麻毒蛋白3.2mcg/kg是使麻醉兔產生心、肝、腎中毒反應的臨界劑量，小於此量時對心血管及呼吸系統無明顯影響。而麻醉貓注射250-500mcg/kg 時，血壓立即上升，脈搏、呼吸加快或潮氣量增。當注射劑量增至30mg/kg 時，血壓降至零，心跳停止於舒張期，出現潮式呼吸而死亡；心電圖出現R一R間隔延長，P波消失，T波倒置等現象。麻醉貓iv蓖麻毒蛋白250-500mcg/kg可以輕微的對抗B-受體興奮劑異丙基腎上腺素。先註射黎蘆鹼25mg/kg，然後注射蓖麻毒蛋白可以使腎上腺素、去甲腎上腺素、乙酰膽鹼、升壓素和組胺的全部藥理作用減弱。蓖麻毒蛋白還能降低黎蘆鹼和尼古丁的反射作用。蓖麻鹼也可引起實驗動物血壓下降，呼吸抑制、可能與其分子中所含氰基有關。蓖麻葉水煎劑可使正常離體蛙心及水合氯醛，麥角浸膏、乙酰膽鹼、阿托品、奎寧、氯化鉀中毒的蛙心振幅增大。該水煎劑能使犬血壓下降，大鼠後肢血管擴張。 6.其它作用：蓖麻毒蛋白可以影響體外培養的各類白細胞的呼吸作用。 0.3-33mcg/ml可降低單核細胞的耗氧量，，16.6-33.2mcg/ml，可降低淋巴細胞的耗氧量，增加嗜中性粒細胞的耗氧量；當濃度增加至66.6mcg/ ml時，嗜中性粒細胞的呼吸亦受抑制。毒性 1.毒性：蓖麻子中含蓖麻毒蛋白及蓖麻鹼，特別是前者，可引起中毒。 4-7歲小兒服蓖麻子2-7被可引起中毒、致死。成人20粒可致死。非洲產蓖麻子2粒可使成人致死，小兒僅需一粒，但也有報告服24粒後仍能恢復者。蓖麻毒蛋白可能是一種蛋白分解酶，7毫克即可使成人死亡。 2.蓖麻子中毒後之症狀有：頭痛、胃腸炎、體溫上升、白細胞增多、血像左移、無尿、黃痘、冷汗、鬚髮痙攣、心血管虛脫；中毒症狀之發生常有一較長的潛伏期。蓖麻毒蛋白引起大鼠急性中毒，主要產生肝及腎的傷害，碳水化物代謝紊亂，蓖麻中的凝集素可與血球起凝集作用。湖州農村將蓖麻子炒熟吃未見中毒，可能由於加熱使蓖麻毒蛋白破壞。 3.蓖麻子對各種動物的致死量（g/kg）大致如下：母雞14、母鴨4、母鵝0.4、兔.9、小豬2.3、豬1.3、奶牛2、小山羊0.5、山羊5.5、綿羊1.25、馬0.1。蓖麻毒蛋白對小鼠1次iv的LD50為6-12mcg/kg。武漢健民製藥廠生產的蓖麻毒蛋白對小鼠1次iv，LD50為47.97mcg/kg；對家兔1次iv的MTD為3.2mcg/kg；對家免iv每日1次，連續16次的MTD為1.6mcg/kg。小鼠ip或iv致死量的蓖麻毒蛋白後10h至數天內死亡。中毒過程較長至，一般給藥12h後見失重，24h後動物側臥。有時發生慢性驚攣，呼吸困難，角弓反張，中樞神經失調。於第一次驚攣後3min動物死亡於呼吸麻痺。中毒時常伴有嚴重腹瀉，也可能是使動物死亡的原因之一。 4.蓖麻毒蛋白急性，亞急性中毒的動物（大小鼠、豚鼠和家兔等）大多數器官和組織部出現功能和形態的變化。主要毒性反應在肝臟、小腸和內分泌腺體。對肝細胞的破壞作用在內網層，伴隨線粒體的輕微改變，從而使肝臟變性壞死。對小腸的損傷亦較嚴重，是腹瀉的主要原因，內分泌系統各器官和組織對蓖麻毒蛋白很敏感，可使動物的下丘腦細胞，腎上腺、垂體、胸腺、睾丸、卵巢、胰腺以及淋巴組織等發生出血性壞死和退行性變。還能損傷網狀內皮系統及引起上頜神經節和胸壁叢的處週神經細胞核染色質破壞。蓖麻毒蛋白中毒的動物血凝時間延長，這是由於乾擾醣代謝在降低凝血酶元、凝血激活酶所致，並可使動物紅細胞、白細胞總數升高，血糖及尿素水平升高，使血中鎂離子濃度降低，鈣離子濃度升高，Ca2+：Mg2+到2：1降至7.75 ：1，這可能與熱原反應有關。蓖麻毒蛋白急性中毒時，動物血液中葡萄糖、肝醣原、總蛋白和紅細胞比積均下降，而乳糖、非蛋白氮、氨基酸、無機磷。酸性磷酸鹽和乳酸、丙酮酸升高，肝功能（SGOT、SGPT、LDH）發生紊亂。可見，蓖麻毒蛋白急性中毒時血液學變化與慢性中毒時略有差別。蓖麻子中蓖麻鹼160mg或蓖麻毒蛋白7mg均可導致成人死亡。有人認為蓖麻毒蛋白比氫氰酸的毒性大22倍，它1g可使3600人死亡。鑑別理化鑑別（1）取本品（帶種皮）粉末約0.5g，加50％乙醇5ml，冷浸2h，濾過。取濾液蒸至約0.5ml，用毛細管滴於濾紙上，噴以茚三酮試液，烘至現紫紅色斑點。（檢查氨基酸）（2）取本品粉末1g，加鹽酸水溶液（PH2）10ml，沸浸30min，濾過。濾液濃縮至1.5ml，分為3份，分別於小試管中滴加碘化鋁鉀、碘化汞鉀、碘一碘化鉀試液各2滴，分別產生橘紅、棕、棕紅色沉澱。（檢查生物鹼）炮製　　1.敲碎種子外殼，揀取種仁用。 2.《雷公炮炙論》：凡使蓖麻子，先須和皮用鹽湯煮半日，去皮取子研過用。 3.《本草蒙筌》：蓖麻子，修制忌鐵，　　【性味】甘；辛；平；有小毒【歸經】大腸；肺；脾；肝經功能主治消腫拔毒；瀉下導滯；通絡利竅。主癰疽腫毒；瘰癧；乳癰；喉痺；疥癩癬瘡；燙傷；水腫脹滿；大便燥結；口眼歪斜；跌打損傷用法用量-外用：適量，搗敷或調敷。內服：入丸劑，1-5g；生研或炒食。　　注意-孕婦及便滑者忌服。《本草經疏》：脾胃薄弱、大腸不固之人，慎勿輕用。附方 ①治療瘡膿：蓖麻子二十多顆，去殼，和少量食鹽、稀飯搗勻，敷患處，日換兩次。 (《福建民間草藥》) ②治癰疽初起：去皮蓖麻乾一份，松香四份。將蓖麻子搗碎加入松香粉充分攪拌，用開水攪成糊狀，置於冷水中冷卻成膏狀備用。用時將白膏藥按瘡面大小攤於紙或布上貼患處。 (遼寧《中草藥新醫療法資料選編》) ③治瘰癘：蓖麻子炒熟，去皮，爛嚼／陸睡服三、二枚，漸加至十數枚。 (《本草衍義》) ④治咽中瘡腫：萆麻子一枚(去皮)，朴硝一錢。同研，新汲水作一服，連進二、三服效。 (《醫準》) ⑤治喉癰：萆麻子，取肉捶碎，紙捲作簡，燒煙吸之。 (《醫學正傳》聖煙筒) ⑥治諸骨哽：蓖麻子七粒。去殼研細，入寒水石末，纏令乾濕得所，以竹籬子挑二、三錢入喉中，少頃以水咽之即下。 (《魏氏家藏方》) ⑦治癘風，手指攣曲，節間痛不可忍，漸至斷落：蓖麻一兩(去皮)，黃連一兩(銼如豆)。以小瓶子入水一升，同浸，春夏三日，秋冬五日，後取蓖麻子一枚，肇彼，以浸藥水，平旦時一服，漸加至四、五枚，微利不妨，瓶中水少更添。忌動風食。 (<<醫準功>>)

⑧治湯火傷：蓖麻子、蛤粉等分。研膏。湯損用油調塗，火瘡用水調徐。 (《養生必用方》)

⑨治犬咬傷：蓖麻子五十粒。去殼，以井水研膏，先以鹽水洗咬處，次以萆麻膏貼。 (《袖珍方》)

⑩治風氣頭痛不可忍：乳香、蓖麻仁等分。搗餅，隨左右貼太陽穴。 (《綱目》)

(11)治小兒癲疝：蓖麻仁三枚，棘剛子(去皮)三十枚，石燕子(燒)一枚，滑石(末)二錢巴，扇香(研)半錢巴。上五昧搗研習，稀麵糊和丸，如綠豆大，每服十五丸，空心，煎燈心湯下。 (《聖濟總錄》蓖麻丸)

(12)治助喘咳嗽：蓖麻子去殼炒熟，揀甜看吃，多服見效。 (《衛生易簡方》)

(13)治難產及胞衣不下：蓖麻子七枚。研如膏，塗腳底心，子及衣才下，便速洗去。 (《海上集驗方》)

(14)催生並死胎不下：蓖麻子三個，巴豆四個。研細，入麝香少許，貼臍心上。 (《衛生家寶方》)

(15)治子宮脫下：蓖麻仁、枯礬等分。為末，安紙上託人，仍以蓖麻仁十四枚，研膏塗頂心。 (《摘元方》)

(16)治暴患脫肛：蓖麻子一兩。爛桿為膏，捻作講子，兩指寬大，貼囪上；女口朋證脫肛，生附子末、蔥、蒜同研作膏，依前法貼之。 (《活幼心書》蓖麻膏)(17)治口眼歪斜：蓖麻子仁七粒。研作末，右歪安在左手心，左歪安在右手心，卻以銅盂盛熱水。坐藥上，冷即換，五、六次,即正也。 (《婦人良方》)
各家論述
1.《綱目》：蓖麻仁，氣味頗近巴豆，亦能利人，故下水氣。其性善走，能開通諸竅經絡，故能治偏風失音，口噤、口目歪斜、頭風、七竅諸病，不止於出有形之物而已。蓖麻油能拔病氣，故諸膏多用之。一人病偏風，手足不舉，時滲用此油同羊脂、菌香、酸鯉甲等藥，煎作摩膏，日摩數次，一月餘漸復，兼服搜風化痰養血之劑，三月而愈。一人病手臂一塊腫痛，亦用蓖麻搗膏貼之，一夜而愈。一人病氣血偏頭痛，用此同乳香、食鹽搗敷太陽穴，一夜痛止。一婦產後子腸不收，搗仁貼其丹田，一夜而上。此藥外用累奏奇勳，但內服,不可輕率爾。　　

2.《本草經疏》：蓖麻，其力長於收吸，故能拔病氣出外，其性善收，故能追膿取毒，能出有形之滯物，又能通利關竅，故主水症。　　

3.《醫林篡要》：蓖麻子，瀉肺氣之下行，能決至高之水而下之，通關竅，正經絡，調上下。或云服此畢生不能食炒豆子，亦不然。　　

4.《本草正義》：蓖麻子，氣味甘平，瀕湖以為甘辛平，其實全無車味；石頑以為溫，則司’證其性必是清涼，石頑之說亦非是。其性善定善散，丹溪以為能退膿取毒，拔邪外出，甚是不確；業師朱氏，兼治外瘍，凡拔毒提膿藥中，從不用此，惟退消陽毒紅腫，及發頤、窟瘍、乳癰等症，有家製千捶營一方，專用蓖麻子仁杵細，和乳香、膠香、銀硃、麝香成膏，即有紅赤焮高，勢且釀膿者，亦可十消八九，則明消散之功，何可誤認提毒外出。瀕湖以治偏風不舉，口目歪斜，蓋亦用其走竄入絡，可以通痺，非能拔出血絡經脈之風邪。據《綱目》所載，-一人偏風，手足不舉，瀕湖以此油同康香、綴鯉甲等作膏，摩之而愈，則真是風寒濕三氣雜至之痺著關節者，所以有驗，此辨症之不可模糊隱約者也。丹溪又以為能出有形之滯物，故取胎產胞衣，剩骨膿血者用之，則亦因其善定而速之使動耳。瀕湖又謂一人病手臂一塊腫痛，以此搗膏貼之，一夜而愈，則即走竄消散之功耳。　　

5.《唐本草》：主水溺。　　

6.《日華子本草》：治水脹腹滿，細研水服；瘡康疥額，亦可研敷。　　

7.《本草衍義補遺》：能出有形質之滯物，故取胎產、胞衣、剩骨、膿血看用之。　　

8.《綱目》：主偏風不遂，失音口歐，頭風哥聾，舌脹，喉痺，助喘，腳氣毒，丹瘤，湯火傷，針刺入肉，女人胎衣不下，子腸挺出，開通關竅經絡，能止諸痛，消腫退膿扳毒。
臨床應用
治療顏面神經麻痺：取蓖麻子去殼搗成泥狀，敷於患側下顳關節及口角部(厚約0.3cm)，外加紗布繃帶固定。每日換藥1次。治療3例，均於10天內痊癒。　　

摘錄《中華本草》

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