美国总统大选总花费将超60亿美元,2012年02月10日

美国总统大选总花费将超60亿美元,2012年02月10日 2011年年底，美国联邦选举委员会统计出-奥巴马,罗姆尼,和洪博培的竞选筹款额。 2012年美国总统大选中，谁最善于募集竞选资金？罗姆尼,还是奥巴马？有资料说,是后者 英国《 金融时报》的报道称，截止去年底，奥巴马竞选团队,已筹集竞选捐款1.25亿美元，超过罗姆尼0.56亿美元,一倍还多。 有资料说是前者：路透社,去年秋天曾称，罗姆尼一方的支持者,截止去年底筹集了5100万美元; 奥巴马的支持者,只有440万美元，差不多是罗姆尼的一个零头。两组数据的差异,来自统计的捐款种类有别,有人结合两方面数据,认为，两人在筹款能力上,各有千秋，届时,谁更有“财缘”，要走着瞧。 2012年底举行的总统大选，将是有史以来最昂贵的一次，去年8月底，路透社援引美国“回应政治中心”(CRP)执行主任克鲁姆·霍尔茨的分析称，本次美国总统大选的总花费,将超过60亿美元。 如果这样，本届大选的竞选花费将创下纪录。 1980年，总统竞选总开支,仅为1.62亿美元; 1988年,达到3.24亿美元，差不多翻了一番; 2000年,已达5.29亿美元; 2004年,是8.81亿美元; 2008年，这一数据,达到惊人的50亿美元，是4年前的5倍多 本届,如果真的突破60亿美元大关,意味着-在4年前的“天量”基础上,再增加20%。 在100多年前，美国总统竞选,究竟要花多少钱?谁也不知道 那时,对于竞选捐款、筹款,没有什么规矩可循，收款随意，捐款随缘，一个候选人到底“吸金”几何，既没有必要公布，也没什么部门有权调查、监督，造成富翁、金融寡头,竞相通过政治捐款,影响选举和政治的格局，被人们戏称为“股权政治”。 在1907年,推动国会通过《 迪尔曼法案》，该法案规定，禁止银行和企业在联邦级别的选举中,进行政治捐款，规定-联邦选举委员会有权对竞选筹款部门——在联邦选举委员会门下-注册的政治委员会账目进行核查，以核实政治捐款是否有超标、违规情况。 1925年，美国国会通过《 联邦腐败行为法》修正案，对联邦公职候选人竞选开销去向进行限制，并规定-政治委员会有义务主动申报。 1947年，《 塔夫特-哈特利法案》通过并正式生效，自此,工会、公司和跨州银行向总统大选或总统大选党内初选捐款,被“永久禁止”。 上世纪70年代，美国国会开始修订《 联邦选举法》- 对单笔捐款数额作了限制，为堵塞漏洞，这些修正案中规定，候选人自己向自己捐款,同样要受上述限制。由于通胀等因素的影响，捐款和独立开销上限,曾多次调整，目前的限额,为对候选人单笔捐款5000美元，对政党委员会单笔捐款30800美元。 2002年，在后来曾成为共和党总统候选人的麦凯恩推动下，美国国会通过《 麦凯恩-法因戈尔德法案》，禁止全国性政党委员会筹集和使用任何联邦法律限制外资金，并禁止做不具体说选谁不选谁，只对某个候选人的政纲进行强烈褒贬的“事务性广告”，目的是堵塞漏洞，控制“软钱”。 2004年美国总统大选民主党内初选，克里一路落后，筹款入不敷出，眼看就要败下阵去 克里夫妇身家巨富，只是囿于规则,不能自己给自己大量捐款，迫于无奈，他想出了一个“茅招”——自己给自己打了张500万美元的借条，“借”了自己一大笔钱，从而在初选中,脱颖而出，成了正式候选人，吸金能力大增，经费不缺后，再想办法,把这笔钱,还给自己,也就行了。 在4年前,被奥巴马的钱压得喘不过气来的麦凯恩，其在党内初选时,竞选经费更是捉襟见肘，一度窘迫到要裁减竞选工作人员的地步,初选的结果,是他这个“穷者”笑到最后。本届共和党党内初选首战艾奥瓦州，爆出冷门,夺得头筹的罗恩·保罗,是当时7名候选人中,最“穷”的一个，罗姆尼坐着私家飞机,到处拉场子的时候，他只能搭班车“赶场”。结果，“坐班车的,赢了坐私人飞机的”。 到了最后决战关头，“有钱,有办法”仍是普遍规律。本届共和党内初选，除了罗姆尼这个“头号财主”匹马当先，选情看好，原先的二号、三号“富翁”佩里和巴克曼，前者没撑到自己“主场”德州,便败下阵去，后者,甚至连初选正式开锣都没能熬到(巴克曼是2010年美国国会众院筹款“女状元”)。一度被视为潜在“黑马”的前美国驻华大使洪博培，他的筹款,更“捉襟见肘”，仅募集到590万美元，成为其黯然退出的主要原因之一。 “罗姆尼和奥巴马,谁能弄到钱” 奥巴马口才极佳，善于在竞选集会上积聚人气，又独创性地借助网络,拉小额赞助，10美元、20美元,聚沙成塔,在上届大选中,创造出7.6亿美元的骇人总量。本届选举，他在这方面的光环,有所褪色,依然十分了得(他因此被戏称为“美国史上最佳零售政治家”)。 罗姆尼本人是大富翁，共和党传统上,善于吸收“硬钱”，加上2010年“第一修正案裁定”,释放出“超级政治行动委员会”这只魔兽，看来,各显神通的两人,如果真的站到年底的总统竞选对决舞台上，至少在财力一环，“史上最贵大选”的帽子,怕是摘也摘不掉，连同换届议员、地方行政长官选举，2012年,大选的总开支，预计将至少相当于尼加拉瓜这个中美洲中等国家的全年GDP。 << 世界重要電影簡評-“90後”簡評全球電影>> 私人計劃出書,欲有償招募90後英語女翻譯(請筆譯者提供標準級別照片,名片(聯繫詳情),身份證複印件,知名名牌大學文憑複印件,成績單等,給予郵箱號碼:1779642876@ qq.com;1779642876@qzone.qq.com;1779642876@qq.com) 簡評者筆名:Barack CHEN簡介:1990年出生,知名大學英語系高年級大學生,愛好:英語,籃球,球評,電影影評,彈吉他,舞台表演等,社交等…;QQ:851086116; << 世界重要電影簡評-“90後”簡評全球電影>>編輯者的短信聯繫號碼: 0086-13901623260,MR.GEOORGE S.CHEN; 郵箱號碼:1779642876@qq.com;網址:1779642876@qzone.qq.com;QQ:1779642876; 注:Barack，是斯瓦希里語的名字，來自阿拉伯語。阿拉伯語言中，詞根BRK ,代表被祝福的意思,此詞彙,取自:中文名： 貝拉克·侯賽因·奧巴馬二世;外文名： Barack Hussein Obama II 。美國人; U.S. presidential election, total spending will exceed $ 6 billion, February 10, 2012 The end of 2011, the U.S. Federal Election Commission statistics – Obama, Romney and Huntsman’s campaign fundraising amount. 2012 U.S. presidential election, who are most adept at raising campaign funds? Romney, or Obama? Information that the latter British “Financial Times” reported that the end of last year, the Obama campaign has raised campaign contributions of $ 125 million, more than Romney 0.56 billion U.S. dollars, more than doubled. Information that the former: Reuters, last fall, said Romney party supporters, the end of last year to raise $ 51 million; Obama supporters, only $ 4.4 million, almost is a fraction of Romney. The difference of two sets of data, types of contributions from the statistical combination of the two data that, both in fund-raising ability, strengths and weaknesses, then, who are more “financial edge”, you want to wait and see. The end of 2012 presidential election, is the most expensive in the end of August last year, Reuters quoted analysts said the U.S. response to the political center “(CRP), Executive Director of the Klum Holtz, the U.S. presidential election The total cost will be over six billion U.S. dollars. If so, the current election campaign spending record. 1980 presidential campaign spending, only $ 162 million; 1988, reaching $ 324 million, almost doubled; 2000, reached $ 529 million; 2004, $ 881,000,000; 2008, this data, a staggering $ 5 billion is more than five times in four years ago. Current, if it exceeded $ 6 billion mark, means that – in the amount of days on the basis of four years ago, an increase of 20%. 100 years ago, the U.S. presidential election, exactly how much it costs? Who do not know At that time, for campaign contributions, fund-raising, what rules to follow, receivables random contributions to revel, a candidate in the end “suck money” geometry, neither the necessary announcement, no department has the right survey, supervision, resulting in rich , the financial oligarchy, competing through political contributions, elections and political pattern was dubbed the “equity politics”. In 1907, to promote the the Dillman Act passed by Congress, the bill provides to prohibit banks and enterprises at the federal level elections, political contributions, and provisions – Federal Election Commission has the right to campaign finance sector – in federal elections Committee under the door – a registered political committee accounts for verification, to verify whether political contributions, overweight, non-compliance. In 1925, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Corrupt Practices Act amendments, the whereabouts of a federal office candidate for the overhead restrictions, and regulations – Political Committee of the obligation to take the initiative to declare. 1947, the Taft – Hartley Act, adopted and came into effect, since the trade unions, companies and interstate bank contributions to the presidential election or the presidential election within the party primaries, a permanent ban. In the 1970s, the U.S. Congress to amend the Federal Election Law – Place restrictions on single contributions, is to plug the loopholes, set forth in these amendments, the candidates themselves to their own contributions, the same subject to the above restrictions. Due to inflation and other factors, contributions and independent overhead ceiling, on several occasions to adjust the current limit for the candidate single donation of $ 5,000, single donation of $ 30,800 on the Committee of political parties. 2002, later had become the Republican presidential candidate John McCain, driven by the U.S. Congress passed the McCain – Feingold Act prohibits national party committee to raise and use of any federal legal restrictions outside funds, and ban do not specifically say whom to whom to not only a candidate’s platform, strong appraise the “transactional advertising, the purpose is to plug the loopholes, to control” soft money “. 2004 U.S. presidential election, the Democratic Party primaries, and Kerry all the way backward, raising funds to make ends meet, appeared to be lost under the array to Kerry net worth of wealthy couples, only limited by the rules, can not own to a large number of donations, forced, he came up with a “dirty trick” – to hit the sheets $ 5,000,000 promissory note, “borrowed” own a lot of money, which in the primaries, come to the fore, became the official candidate to attract the surge capacity, the budget is not missing, then think about the money back to their own, also OK. Four years ago, the money Obama overwhelmed McCain in the party primaries, campaign funding is stretched, once so poor to be cut to the point of the campaign staff, primary a result, his “poor” last laugh. The first battle of the current Republican party primaries in Iowa, an upset, Ron Paul won the first prize, when seven candidates, the most “poor”, Romney sat private aircraft everywhere pull wherever he goes, he can only ride the bus to “hurry”. A result, the train ride, won to take a private jet “. To the final decisive moment, “money,” is still the universal law. This optimistic about the Republican Party primaries, in addition to Romney this “number one rich man” horse head, the election, the original II, III “rich” Perry, and Bachman, the former did not hold to their “home” of Texas, will be lost under the array to the latter, even the primaries kicked off failed to coming to the (Buckman 2010 the U.S. Congress House Ways and Means “female champion). Once as a potential “dark horse” of the former U.S. Ambassador Jon Huntsman, his fund-raising, the more “stretched” to raise only $ 5.9 million, become one of the main and had to quit. “Romney and Obama, who can get the money.” Obama eloquent, good at campaign rally to the accumulation of popularity, but also originality through the network to pull the micro-sponsored, $ 10, $ 20, the passage of time in the last election, creating a frightening total of $ 760 million volume. This election, in this regard aura has faded, is still very amazing (he was dubbed “the history of the best retail politician in the United States”). Romney I was a millionaire Republicans traditionally good at absorbing the “hard money”, plus the 2010 First Amendment ruling, the release of “super political action committee,” This World of Warcraft, it seems, have done their best the two stations to the end of the presidential election showdown on stage, at least in the financial part, “the most expensive election in the history of the hat, fear is pick pick can not afford to, together with the general members, the local Chief Executive Election 2012, the total expenditure of the general election, is expected to be at least equivalent to the annual GDP of Nicaragua, medium-sized country in Central America. Of the world’s major film Brief Review – “90” Comment of the global film >> Private plans to publish a book, want compensation for recruitment of 90 English female translators (translators provide the level of standard photos, business cards (contact details), copy of ID, copy of the well-known brand-name college diploma, transcripts, etc., give the mailbox number: 1779642876 qq.com; 1779642876@qzone.qq.com; 1779642876@qq.com) Brief Comment by pseudonym: About Barack CHEN: born in 1990, high school students of the renowned University Department of English, Hobbies: English, basketball, ball commentary, movie reviews, playing guitar, stage performances, social, etc …; QQ: 851 086 116; << World Film Review – “90” Comment editor of the global film >> SMS contact numbers: 0086-13901623260, MR.GEOORGE S.CHEN; Mailbox number,: 1779642876@qq.com; Website: 1779642876@qzone.qq.com; QQ: 1779642876; Note: Barack is a Swahili name from the Arabic. Arabic language, the meaning of the root BRK, on ​​behalf of blessing, this vocabulary, taken from the: Chinese name: Barack Hussein Obama Maer Shi; Foreign Name: Barack Hussein, Obama, II of Americans;