Four modernizations, the industrial modernization, agricultural modernization, modernization of national defense, science and technology modernization.
Four modernizations, the industrial modernization, agricultural modernization, modernization of national defense, science and technology modernization.
1954, held the First National People’s Congress, the first time, made clear: to achieve the industry, agriculture, transport and the modernization of national defense of the four tasks
1956, and again to this task, included in the Chinese Communist Party’s constitution, adopted in eight.
In December 1964, the Third National People’s Congress meeting, according to Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai proposed in the government work report, the first time:
In the twentieth century, to build China into a modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense science and technology and modern socialist country, the target of realizing the four modernizations, “two-step” scenario.
The first step, in 15 years, the establishment of an independent, relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, China’s industry, generally close to the world advanced level;
The second step, in pursuit of the twentieth century, the Chinese industry to lead the world, the full realization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology modernization.
December 6, 1979, Deng Xiaoping in talks with Japanese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira, the quantification of the four modernizations, to the twentieth century, for China’s GDP, per capita $ 1,000, to achieve well-off. Deng Xiaoping put this goal, known as the “Chinese-style four modernizations”, or “well-off family.”
In 1945, seven of the Chinese Communist Party’s political report “On Coalition Government” in his formulation, is “… China after the war finished the task of the working class, not only, for the establishment of new democratic state struggle, and that is China’s industrialization and agricultural modernization and struggle. “(” Selected Works of Mao Zedong, “the second edition of Volume III of 1081) in the party of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh in his speech, he proposed a” from a backward agricultural country into an advanced industrial countries, “the goal, where his” agricultural country “and” industrial countries “were added before the” backward “and” advanced “two attribute (” Selected Works ” The second edition of Volume IV 1433). To change the backward agricultural country, and built an advanced industrial countries, is the nation-building during this period Mao target expression. June 14, 1954, he was “on the draft Constitution of the PRC,” the speech said: “We are a large country with population of 600 million, to achieve the socialist industrialization of agriculture to achieve socialism, mechanization …” (“Mao Zedong” VI 329). This formulation, one step further than in the past. On 18 October the same year, at the first meeting of the National Defense Commission in his speech, his first to the industrial, agricultural, cultural, military and mention. He said: “We are industry, agriculture, culture, military, and also will not work ,……。”(” Mao Zedong” VI 357)
This is the first reference to the four modernizations Chu-shaped. In March 1957, the Chinese Communist Party national conference on propaganda in his speech, he proposed three modern. He said: “We will build a modern industry, modern agriculture and modern science and culture of the socialist state.” (“Mao Zedong” VII 268). The speech of the above formulation, the reference from the four modernizations, only a thin small step. Late 1959 to early 1960, the Soviet Union in the reading of “political economics textbooks,” notes, he was the reference, and made a perfect complement. He said: “building a socialist, the original requirements of modern industry, modern agriculture, modern science and culture, now, to add modernization of national defense.” (“Mao Zedong” VIII 116)
Here the “original request” is referring to his work at the national conference on propaganda in his speech, asked for. Thus, the “socialist four modernizations” slogan, it fully and completely raised. March 18, 1960, in his conversation with Prime Minister of Nepal, once again on the goal of realizing the four modernizations was reiterated. He said: Our mission, “is to the mind to, so that we can build our country a modern industry, modern agriculture, modern science and culture and modern national defense.” (“Mao Zedong” VIII 162) hair Chairman of the goal of the four modernizations, was proposed, did not immediately disclosed. Later, through written into the third National People’s Congress, Premier of the “Government Work Report” form, the official made public.
In December 1964, the third of all the Chinese People’s Congress meeting, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee, according to the recommendations of Chairman Mao Zedong, the PRC State Council, the Third National People’s Congress to make ” Government Work Report “, the first time:
In the late 20th century, to build China into a modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense science and technology and modern socialist country, and announced the goal of realizing the four modernizations, “two-step” scenario.
The first step, in 15 years, the establishment of an independent, relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, China’s industry in general close to the world advanced level;
The second step, and strive in the 20th century, the Chinese industry to lead the world, the full realization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology modernization.
In 1964, a successful atomic bomb tests.
In 1966, the success of the hydrogen bomb tests.
In 1970, satellite Dongfanghong launch.
China Shanghai Yangpu Bridge, the Huangpu River, Chow brand squatters need old road renovation, housing modernization, thank you!
10 years of data
China’s GDP, from 2001 to 11 trillion yuan, increased in 2010, nearly 40 trillion yuan, an average annual growth of more than 10%.
International trade volume from $ 12.65 trillion in 2001 to $ 2010, $ 30.39 trillion, 10, an increase of 140%.
China trade in goods, by the sixth in the world, rose to second place, of which exports rank first.
Trade in goods import and export scale, from $ 509.8 billion in 2001, up to 2010, nearly $ 3 trillion, an increase of 4.8 times.
Exports, from $ 266.098 billion, rising to $ 1,577,789,000,000, an increase of 493%.
Cumulative foreign direct investment $ 759.5 billion, ranking first in the developing countries.
Average annual growth of foreign direct investment more than 40% in 2010, reaching $ 68.8 billion, ranking fifth in the world.
China’s general tariff level from 15.3% to 9.8%; service sector trade liberalization, to 100.
10-year evaluation
Department of Commerce International Trade Representative Gao Hucheng:
China’s accession to the WTO 10 years, is the main achievements are remarkable, which is the basic understanding of all aspects. Prior to joining the WTO, people cherish the various fears, and no fundamental occurs, we generally achieve the accession to the World Trade Organization, more good than harm.
Former Chinese Ambassador Sun Zhenyu on behalf of the World Trade Organization:
10 years, the government functions, a lot of approval from the dry, dry should not do things to better services for enterprises, provide better information to help businesses respond to trade friction, etc., has been greatly changed.
10 years, it should be said, is China’s foreign economic cooperation and the best 10 years, 10 years, we import and export growth, an average of 22%, became the second largest exporter and second largest economy .
WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy:
Accession to the WTO, brought to China a lot of challenges, but through reform and opening up, China achieved great development of trade, this development, to world trade flows and trade patterns, have brought great changes. WTO tariffs, subsidies, intellectual property, technical barriers, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, etc., have very strict standards, in general, China earnestly fulfill its obligations in the WTO.