宾州里丁成美国最贫困城市,2011.’09.
美国筋疲力尽的妈妈,来到宾夕法尼亚州里丁市第二街道学习中心,这个低收入家庭托儿所，她们的话题,就是工资低、工作难找和经济不好。
克勒赫在餐馆当侍者，每月收入900美元，要养3个孩子和男友。如果没有食品券，她不知道该怎么生活。（《 纽约时报》图）
克勒赫（Ashley Kelleher）在国际薄饼屋当侍者，每月挣900美元,养家糊口。威廉斯（Louri Williams）上夜班,包装蛋糕和馅饼，时薪8美元；她,早上,上课，下午,接孩子。圣地亚戈（Teresa Santiago）在顾客投诉中心,接电话，时薪9美元，无法支付每月1900美元的账单。
这些,都是里丁市最普通的故事。根据人口普查局最新数据，这个8.8万居民的城市,最近获得全美国贫困居民比例最高的称号，稍稍超出密西根州弗林特市。《 纽约时报》说，人口普查局的数据,包括人口6.5万以上的城市，加上误差率，难以确定哪个城市为真正的第一。
里丁贫困率,十年前,排名第32位。它在2007年,闯入前十名，加入弗林特、新泽西州坎顿（Camden）,和得克萨斯州布朗斯维尔的行列。
现在，它成为第一名。上述托儿所的妈妈们对于这个排名,一点都不惊奇，她们都有贫困工资的第一手知识–单亲妈妈带两个孩子,年收入18,530美元。
里丁市,过去十年,一直徘徊不前，包括朗讯技术、制造汽车零件的丹纳公司等,在那里,设立的工厂萎靡不振。最近几年，更多工厂关闭和裁员，该市贫困率,猛增到41.3%。
博克斯经济伙伴（Berks Economic Partnership）总裁-斯格特（Jon Scott）说，该市某些职位,实际上是放长假，许多公司都在考虑到里丁开业，包括,一家工业洗衣公司,准备搬迁到丹纳的前厂址。
里丁市就业率,在2000年,和2010年之间,下降10%。里丁更为顽固的问题之一,是教育。当地,只有8%的人,有学士学位，远远低于全国28%的水平。里丁市,有高中文凭的人,占65%，也低于全国85%的水平。
正在上课准备拿高中文凭、28岁的威廉斯说，“没有学士学位，什么都别想。”
里丁居民在教堂外面,等待领施舍。（《 纽约时报》图）
教育程度低,通常意味着高贫困率。麦迪逊威斯康辛大学研究员-钟伊勇（Yiyoon Chung）说，在25岁,到34岁年龄组,有高中文凭的人群中，五分之一,去年属于贫困;大学毕业生中,贫困率,只有5%;没有高中文凭的人群中，贫困率,更是高达40%.
在社区学院获得副学士学位、36岁的圣地亚戈说，雇主都希望更高学历。她2007年,失去全职工作，从此,通过职介机构,干低工资工作，没有健保福利。到托儿所,接8岁儿子的她说，“他们找个秘书,都要学历。”
里丁市,过去十年来,西裔人口涌入。受到低租金和好工作前景的吸引，他们从纽约和其它大城市,搬迁到那里。当地人口下滑趋势,被遏制，却恶化了教育问题：里丁,只有18%的西裔,具有大学文凭，当地白人为30%。只有44%的西裔,有高中文凭。
年轻人受打击,尤其严重，他们在就业竞争中,有麻烦，他们脱离劳动力队伍，让妇女养活孩子。
今年23岁的克勒赫说，她要养活三个孩子和两个孩子的爸爸。如果不是每月得到636美元食品券，她就无法生活。穿着侍者工作服的她,在托儿所说，“过去五年来，都是我在付账单。”她想,某一天结婚，要找个财务上稳定的伴侣。
威斯康辛大学教授史密丁（Timothy Smeeding）说，2002年,美国62%的年轻爸爸,收入不到2万美元。
对于有学士学位的年轻人，经济,让他们日子困难。经营托儿所的摩尔（Vickie Moll）说，随着预算削减潮,传遍宾夕法尼亚州，前去申请工作的教师猛增。她说，“我们这里,有着学士学位的人,每小时拿8美元工资。”
社会服务机构,已经感受到效果。里丁,是博克斯县的县城。大博克斯食品银行,今年,预计要分发600万磅食品，远远超过2007年的350万磅。
博克斯县联合之路副总裁基尔斯（Pat Giles）说，“它正在滚雪球。我们有着越来越多的年轻、教育程度低、技能差的人口。更重要的是，经济还在下滑。”
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经济统计数据。贸易数据,显示了美国,中国商务关系的增长率，这无疑是惊人的。
2001年，即,在中国加入世界贸易组织之前的一年，美国对华出口额,为190亿美元。而到2010年：
• 美国对华商品出口总额,达近920亿美元，其增长,比美国对世界其他国家的出口都快得多；
• 中国是我们的第二大贸易伙伴,以及第三大出口市场；
• 美国从中国进口的商品,超过任何其他国家；而且
• 我们的双边商品贸易额,超过4500亿美元。
中国发生了显著的变化，数百万公民,进入中产阶层，这为我们两国,创造了良好的机会。
美国无疑欢迎中国的增长。正如副总统拜登在一篇有关他最近中国之行的文章中所指出的：“成功的中国,能使我们两国更繁荣，而不是相反。随着贸易和投资,将我们紧密联系在一起，彼此的成功,对我们利益攸关。”
美国公司和工人，包括今天在场的美国航空业的代表，对这一转变,能发挥重要作用。一个开放而公平的竞争环境，将有助于促进中国发展一个开创性的充满活力的航空业。
7年前，中国曾是美国的第十大航空业出口市场，位于巴西、韩国和荷兰之后。是的，的确排在荷兰之后。
去年，中国对民航飞机、驾驶员培训、航空港和空中交通管理设备等的需求,大大增加，而美国在这些产品和服务方面,极具竞争力，中国因此,成为第二大市场，仅次于法国。
美国商务部正在努力进一步深化这一关系。例如，本部已实施,并支持了一系列计划，以使美国通用飞机制造商和服务公司,成为整体航空业增长的一部分。
今年早些时候，我们组织了一批美国通用航空企业人员,到中国,专门提供机场综合服务的商业公司之一参观。就在这个月，我们支持中国一个高级代表团来美国访问，参观通用航空业商会、政府机构和主要的制造企业。
这些努力,正在产生成果。
设在佐治亚州的美国湾流宇航公司（Gulfstream）,最近与民生银行（Minsheng Bank）签署了总额为26 亿美元的谅解备忘录。
塞斯纳公司（Cessna）证实:从中国获得该公司历史上最大的单项商业订单之一。
豪客·比奇公司（Hawker Beechcraft）把该公司旗舰机型豪客4000的整个生产线中的10%,单独向中国出售。
与此同时，航空供应链是航空业的一个重要组成部分，产生大量的出口与就业机会。美国九个顶级制造企业,通过竞标,赢得了各项合同，为中国的C919新飞机项目,建造主要的航空系统并提供零件。
最后，对机场基础设施的需求,也在为美国公司不断地制造机会。在商务部的帮助下，美国豪士科集团公司(Oshkosh Corp)近五年来,从一级,和二级机场,赢得了90%的消防车招标。
进一步发展的潜力仍然存在。
中国为民航部门制定的2011.’,至2015.’五年计划要求：
• 航空客运贸易,每年扩大11% ；
• 通用航空业务,增长16%；
• 增加约1,200架新客机；
• 通用航空机队数量,增加一倍。
中国在加入世贸组织时，同意不为民用飞机提供补偿。我们为此感到高兴。但关于技术转让的决定,也必须与适用的法律、贸易规则和双边承诺保持一致。
中国自加入致力于自由与公平贸易原则的国际社会以来,至今已有10年了。事实上，中国已大大得益于基于规则的国际贸易体系。
中国政府正在执行其民用航空部门的5年计划，现在,可能就是它迈出下一步,并加入到由进一步致力于在民航飞机及飞机零件方面,实行自由和公平贸易的贸易合作伙伴组成的大家庭的时候了——即正式加入《 世贸组织民用航空器贸易协议》（WTO Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft）。
节选自:美国商务部代理部长-丽贝卡·布兰克（Rebecca Blank）在第6届美中航空峰会上的主旨讲话,2011年9月26日，星期一
一本新书，它是美国前国务卿基辛格最近写的《 论中国》（On China）。
日本在发展佛家禅宗上，好像研究得更深。
德国在第一次和二次世界打仗后，在国际上,欠了许多债，有人说，德国肯定会赖账的。可是，德国按国际协议，每年还债，直到去年2010年,才全部还清。不相信，欧洲国家会借钱不还的。 — 德国老总理施密特
据统计，2009年,全球有14亿人,能够得到家庭互联网服务，2010年,这一数字,增加到16亿； 全球90%的人,享有移动网络服务，发展中国家的手机上网率,从2005年的53%,增加到2010年的73%。
安理会,UN负责政治事务的副秘书长帕斯科
世界旅游日：旅游是连接不同文化的纽带,2011年9月27日
9月27日是世界旅游日。今年旅游日的主题,是“旅游——连接不同文化的纽带”，强调旅游在增进相互理解和尊重方面的重要作用。潘基文秘书长当天,发表致辞指出，旅游提供了访问者和东道社区之间的联系纽带，可以促进对话和互动，不同背景的人们之间的这种互动,正是容忍的基础。
联合国内部流离失所者人权问题特别报告员贝亚尼（Chaloka Beyani）
从2008年,到2009年,离开纽约的纳税家庭,调整后毛收入,平均为58,899美元;
迁入纽约的纳税家庭,平均收入,为48,432美元。纽约非迁移户,2009年,平均收入,为63,630美元。
曼哈顿外迁居民户,平均收入为98,637美元，比迁入居民户平均收入72,293美元,高出36%。
前往新泽西的纽约家庭收入,比少数反向流动的家庭收入,高10,579美元；
前往康涅狄格州的纽约家庭收入,比反向流动的高出23,751美元，康涅狄格吸引的是最富有的纽约人。
美军太平洋战区司令-罗伯特•威拉德上将,9月27日,在华盛顿举行的新闻发布会上
上周三，美国通过近59亿美元,更新台湾战机的方案，对1990年代出售给台湾的145架F16战机机群,进行技术升级，安装新一代雷达系统，能监测到隐形战机。
In the small Pennsylvania city into America’s most impoverished, 2011. ’09.
United States exhausted mother, came to the small states of Pennsylvania Municipal Second Street Learning Center, the low-income family child care homes, their topics, is low wages, bad working hard to find, and economic.
Kelleher in the restaurant when the waiter, a monthly income of $ 900, to raise three children and boyfriend. If there is no food stamps, she does not know how to live. (“New York Times” chart)
Kelleher (Ashley Kelleher) when the waiter in the international pancake house, earn $ 900 a month, feed their families. Williams (Louri Williams) at night, packing cakes and pies, hourly $ 8; her morning classes, afternoon, pick up their kids. Holy Diego (Teresa Santiago) in the customer complaint center, answer the phone, pay $ 9 when unable to pay the monthly $ 1,900 bill.
These are most common in the small city of the story. According to the latest Census Bureau data, this city of 88,000 residents, recently received the highest proportion of poor people living in the United States the title, a little beyond the city of Flint, Michigan. “New York Times,” said Census Bureau data, including population of more than 65,000 cities, plus an error rate, it is difficult to determine which city is really the first.
Poverty rate in the small, ten years ago, number 32. It in 2007, broke into the top ten, joined Flint, Canton, New Jersey (Camden), and the ranks of Brownsville, Texas.
Now, it is number one. The nursery mothers for this ranking, is not surprised that they have first-hand knowledge of poverty wages – a single mother with two children, annual income of 18,530 dollars.
In the small city over the past decade, has been stagnant, including Lucent Technologies, the Dana auto parts manufacturing companies, where established plants malaise. In recent years, more plant closures and layoffs, the city’s poverty rate soared to 41.3%.
Box-economic partners (Berks Economic Partnership) President – Travers (Jon Scott) that the city some of the positions is actually a long break, many companies are taken into account in the small opening, including, an industrial laundry company, preparing before moving to Dana’s site.
Employment rate in the small city, in 2000, and 2010 between, down 10%. More intractable problem in the small one, is education. Local, only 8% of the people, have a bachelor’s degree, 28 percent is far below the national level. In the small city, a high school diploma, accounting for 65%, 85% lower than the national level.
Are prepared to take high school diploma class, 28-year-old Williams said, “No degree, not even think about anything.”
Outside the church in Dingju Min, waiting for leading charity. (“New York Times” chart)
Low level of education usually means a high poverty rate. University of Wisconsin-Madison researcher – Zhongyi Yong (Yiyoon Chung) said that in the 25-year-old to 34 years age group, a high school diploma in the crowd, one-fifth last year, is poverty; university graduates, the poverty rate, only 5 %; the population without a high school diploma, the poverty rate, it is up to 40%.
Associate Degree in Community College, 36-year-old shrine Diego, says employers want higher qualifications. In 2007 she lost full-time job, since then, through recruitment agencies, dry low-wage jobs and no health insurance benefits. To the nursery, then 8-year-old son, she said, “They find a secretary, to be educated.”
In the small city over the past decade, the influx of Hispanics. By low rents and good job prospects to attract them from New York and other big cities, moved to there. Local population decline was checked, but worsened the problem of education: Reading, only 18 percent of Hispanics, have a university diploma, 30 percent of local whites. Only 44% of Hispanics, a high school diploma.
Young people hit, particularly serious in their competition for jobs, there is trouble, they leave the workforce for women to feed their children.
23-year-old Kelleher, said she had to support three children and two children’s father. If not, get $ 636 a month food stamps, she can not live. Waiter wearing her uniform, in the nursery, said “Over the past five years, all I have to pay the bill.” She thought, one day get married, to find a financially stable partner.
University of Wisconsin professor Shimi Ding (Timothy Smeeding) said that in 2002, the United States 62% of the young father, earning less than $ 20,000.
For the young bachelor’s degree, economics, life difficult for them. Moore nursery business (Vickie Moll) said that with the influx of budget cuts, all over Pennsylvania, went to apply for a work of teachers soared. She said, “we are here, who has a bachelor’s degree, get $ 8 an hour wages.”
Social service agencies, has felt the effects. Where D is the Box-county town. Large Box-food bank this year, is expected to distribute 6 million pounds of food, far more than 3.5 million pounds in 2007.
Box-County United Way vice president Kearse (Pat Giles) said, “It is a snowball. We have more and more young, low education, poor people skills and more importantly, the economy is still down. ”
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Economic statistics. Trade data show the United States, the growth rate of China business relations, this is amazing.
In 2001, that is, China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in the year before, U.S. exports to 1.9 billion. By 2010:
• U.S. merchandise exports to China amounted to almost $ 92 billion, its growth, than the U.S. exports to other countries of the world are much faster;
• China is our second largest trading partner and third largest export market;
• U.S. imports of goods from China than any other country; and
• Our bilateral merchandise trade, more than 450 billion U.S. dollars.
China has undergone significant changes, millions of citizens into the middle class, which for our two countries, creating a good opportunity.
U.S. welcomes China’s growth is no doubt. As Vice President Joe Biden in a trip to China on his recent article pointed out: “The success of China, will enable us to more prosperous countries, rather than the reverse. With the trade and investment, will be closely linked to our each other’s success, our stakeholders. ”
U.S. companies and workers, including the presence of the U.S. airline industry today, a representative of this change, can play an important role. An open and fair competitive environment, will help promote China’s development of a groundbreaking dynamic aviation industry.
Seven years ago, China was the tenth largest U.S. export market for the aviation industry in Brazil, South Korea and the Netherlands later. Yes, it came in after the Netherlands.
Last year, China’s civil aircraft, pilot training, airports and air traffic management equipment, dramatically increased, while the United States in these products and services, very competitive, so China has become the second largest market, behind France.
U.S. Department of Commerce is working to further deepen this relationship. For example, the Department has implemented and supported a series of plans to make the U.S. general aviation aircraft manufacturers and service companies, as part of the overall growth of the aviation industry.
Earlier this year, we organized a group of U.S. general aviation business people to China, specializes in providing comprehensive services to the airport to visit one of the commercial companies. Just this month, we support a high-level Chinese delegation visiting the United States, visit the general aviation industry associations, government agencies and major manufacturers.
These efforts are producing results.
In the United States, Georgia, Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation (Gulfstream), recently Minsheng Bank (Minsheng Bank) signed a total of $ 2.6 billion memorandum of understanding.
Cessna (Cessna) confirmed: from China to the company’s history, one of the largest single commercial order.
Hawker Beechcraft Corporation (Hawker Beechcraft) to the company’s flagship model, the Hawker 4000 product line in the entire 10% of sales to China alone.
At the same time, aviation aviation industry supply chain is an important component, producing a large number of export and employment opportunities. Nine top U.S. manufacturers, through competitive bidding, won the contract, the C919 new aircraft for the Chinese project, construction of major aviation system and to provide spare parts.
Finally, the demand for airport infrastructure, but also to continue to create opportunities for U.S. companies. The help of the Ministry of Commerce, the U.S. high Jinshi Corporation (Oshkosh Corp) the past five years, from one, and two airports, won 90 percent of the fire tender.
Potential for further development still exist.
China’s civil aviation department of the 2011 ‘to 2015’ five-year plan calls for:
• Air passenger trade, expanding 11% annually;
• General aviation operations, up 16%;
• an increase of about 1,200 new aircraft;
• the number of general aviation fleet, doubled.
China’s accession to the WTO, agreed not to provide compensation for civilian aircraft. We are happy about it. However, the decision on technology transfer, must also be applicable laws, rules and bilateral trade commitments.
Since joining China is committed to the principles of free and fair trade, since the international community, has been 10 years. In fact, China has greatly benefited from the rules-based international trading system.
The Chinese government is implementing its civil aviation sector five-year plan, now, is that it may take the next step, and add to the further commitment to civil aircraft and aircraft parts, the implementation of free and fair trade, the composition of the major trading partners family time – that is, officially joined the “WTO Trade in Civil Aircraft Agreement” (WTO Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft).
Adapted from: U.S. Department of Commerce Deputy Minister – Libeikabu Frank (Rebecca Blank) in the 6th Summit of the United States Air keynote speech, September 26, 2011, Monday
A new book, former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger is the recent book, “On China” (On China).
On the development of Zen Buddhism in Japan, it seems deeper study.
Germany in the first and second world war, in the international arena, due to a lot of debt, it was said, Germany will certainly deadbeat. However, Germany according to international agreements, annual debt until last year, in 2010, it paid off. Do not believe that European countries will not have to borrow money. — Old German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt
According to statistics, in 2009, the world’s 1.4 billion people, can get home Internet service, in 2010, this figure increased to 16 million; 90% of people worldwide enjoy the mobile network services, mobile Internet rates in developing countries, from 53% in 2005, increased to 73% in 2010.
Security Council, UN Secretary-General for Political Affairs Pasco
World Tourism Day: Tourism is the connection link between different cultures, September 27, 2011
September 27 is World Tourism Day. Tourism Day theme this year is “Tourism – a link connecting different cultures,” stressed tourism in enhancing mutual understanding and respect for the important role. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon day, delivered a speech that tourism provides visitors and host communities link between, can promote dialogue and interaction between people of different backgrounds, this interaction is the basis of tolerance.
Displaced persons within the United Nations Special Rapporteur on human rights Bei Yani (Chaloka Beyani)
From 2008 to 2009, the family left New York’s tax, adjusted gross income, an average of 58,899 dollars;
The family moved to New York tax, the average income for 48,432 dollars. New York non-migrating households, in 2009, the average income for 63,630 dollars.
Manhattan relocation of households, average income of 98,637 dollars, the average household income of 72,293 to move into U.S. dollars, up 36%.
New York to New Jersey household income, compared with a small number of reverse flow of family income, higher at $ 10,579;
New York to Connecticut household income, higher than the reverse flow of $ 23,751, Connecticut is to attract the richest New Yorkers.
U.S. Pacific commander of the theater – Robert • Willard, September 27, at a news conference in Washington on
On Wednesday, the United States by nearly $ 5.9 billion fighter program in Taiwan updated for the 1990s, sold to Taiwan, 145 F16 fighter fleet, for technology upgrades, installation of a new generation of radar systems, stealth aircraft can be monitored.