美聯儲無限量貨幣寬鬆,正掏空外國天量外儲(2012-10-01)

美聯儲無限量貨幣寬鬆,正掏空外國天量外儲(2012-10-01)

  這是一隻羊!這是一隻狼!這是美聯儲無限量版的QE3!

9月13日, 在全球聚焦下,美聯儲在剛剛結束的第二輪貨幣寬鬆後,迅即推出了新一輪量化寬鬆政策(QE3)。按照該計劃,美聯儲將每月,購買400億美元抵押擔保債券,藉以增加貨幣寬鬆程度,同時,將幾近於零的利率期限,延長至2015年。

美聯儲如此大手筆的行動,毫不奇怪,其用意在於,刺激近年來美國疲乏不振的經濟,改善長期居高不下的失業率。但,由於美聯儲貨幣政策的全球性,美元國際儲備貨幣的地位,美聯儲的系列寬鬆,尤其是QE3,必將損害外國的利益,外國財富中的天量外儲,被置於掏空的危險之中!

地球人都知道,近幾十年來,外國經濟高速增長,外國經濟總量,已經雄踞世界前列,成為繼美國之後的,世界第二大經濟體,而且,外國人擁有世界為之側目的,超過3.5萬億美元的,天量外匯儲備。

外國天量的外匯儲備,主要是美國的各種債券,其中,包括,一萬多億美元的美國政府債券。美聯儲系列寬鬆出來的美元流動性,帶來的國際金融市場美元氾濫,及美元貶值,首先侵蝕掉外國擁有的這些美國債券的收益,甚至,本金。

外國持有的美國政府債券,大多是10年期。一般情況下,10年期的美國政府債券,其年收益率,3.45%左右;美國的通貨膨脹率,正常情況下,大概為2-3%。 2011年,美國通脹率為3%。很顯然,美國正常時期的通貨膨脹,就抹去了外國外匯儲備中,這些美元資產的收益。現在,美國執行QE3,將釋放巨量美元流動性,進入市場,由此,將大幅度推高通貨膨脹,不僅外國外匯儲備中,美元資產的收益難保,就是其本金,也受到巨大損失。

推出QE3後,美聯儲主席伯南克承認,他說,”包括,儲蓄憑證在內的利率,相關投資者所獲得的回報,相當低。事實上,總體上來說,健康的投資回報,在弱勢經濟中是難以持續的。”

更為重要的是,美聯儲的量化寬鬆,將導致全球流動性氾濫,通貨膨脹加劇,國際市場上,貴金屬,還有各種大宗商品,價格將翻番上漲,由於這些商品,大都以美元計價,外匯儲備,最終要轉換為購買力。由於這些產品價格的大幅度上漲,美元的實際購買力,大幅度縮水,外國作為美國最大海外債權人,其手中的美元資產,因此,蒙受更為巨大的損失。

  讓我們看看黃金的價格吧。美聯儲推出第一輪量化寬鬆期間QE1(2009年3月—2010年3月),黃金價格,從820 /盎司,上漲為1131美元,漲幅為37.92%;第二輪量化寬鬆QE2期間(2010年8月–2012年6月),黃金價格,最高觸及1920美元,累計漲幅為42.43%。 9月14日,國際現貨黃金價格,在QE3公佈後,即聞風,升至1776.2美元,刷新今年2月以來的高位,眼前,就是2000美元大關了。

  我們再看看鐵礦石的價格變化。外國是全球最大鐵礦石進口國,全球一半以上的鐵礦石,銷往外國。 2000年,國際市場鐵礦石價格,每噸僅33美元。隨著外國鋼鐵工業的快速發展,國際市場鐵礦石價格,翻著個,飆升。 2007年,80美元;2008年,即便遇到美國金融風波,鐵礦石漲價行情,仍然沒有受到任何影響達到150美元;2011年,1月,至10月初,鐵礦石價格,為162- -190美元;2012年,由於全球經濟放緩,中國鋼鐵產能過剩,其價格,略有下降,但,比2009年,仍然要高得多。

以黃金計算,外國外匯儲備價值,僅從2009年,到現在,就被腰斬一半多;以大宗原料,如鐵礦石計算,外國外儲的購買力,近年來,大幅度縮水。而且,可悲的是,外國企業很難將因原料推高的成本轉嫁出去,你的產品價格,剛抬高一點,外國客商,就離場了。其實,美國不缺流動性。美國前兩輪QE,先後購買了總額達2.4萬億美元的美國政府債券等金融資產,這些天量的貨幣,進入了市場,除了推高國際市場大宗商品價格,美元加速貶值外,美國經濟,仍舊復甦乏力,失業率高企。

更重要的是,美聯儲此番QE,沒有設截止時間表,這是與前兩次的QE最大的不同。按照伯南克的話說,美聯儲在沒有看見顯著的就業市場改善之前,不會收手。而這,對於長期儲存、只存,不使用的外國外儲,簡直就是個長期的夢魘。

美國經濟的問題,部分在於,有效需求不足,部分在於,缺乏競爭力。但,擴大有效需求,需要政府大幅度的支出,但,在美國財政赤字,超過其GDP的今天,美國政府大幅擴大支出的空間,十分有限;科技創新,引領新一輪產業革命浪潮,提高美國經濟競爭力,在喬布斯逝世、比爾*蓋茨,英雄暮年的今天,下一波科技浪潮,何時出現在美國,沒人能知道。美國經濟復甦,目前,唯一的指靠,就是貨幣政策,就是將早已開始的貨幣寬鬆,不斷持續下去,直到美國經濟復甦。外國外匯儲備,在此一過程中,將被洗劫,直至被掏空。

那麼,外國有何辦法保衛其天量外匯儲備呢?

外國最重要的,是選擇價值穩定的貨幣。當前,國際金融市場,有三大儲備貨幣:美元、歐元及日元。問問你自己,這三大元中,那種貨幣,價值最穩定呢?

歐洲債務危機的陰霾,長期不去,現在,是談論歐元崩潰的時候了;日元資產的容量太小,不足以承載外國如此巨量的外儲;美元,儘管在貶值,還是當前最好的選擇。

其實,外國最主要的,是不要再增加外匯儲備,把過高的外匯儲備規模,降下來,才是解決問題的根本。外國的外匯儲備,主要是外貿出超帶來的,要減少外貿出超,就要擴大內需。擴大內需的關鍵,是提高居民的可支配收入,及健全社會保障制度。但這兩大任務,是浩大的系統工程,需要政府耗費很多的時間和精力,更重要的是,由於其複雜及艱鉅性,外國不能期盼其在短時期內解決,五年,十年,甚至,需要更長的時間。而到那個時候,黃花菜都黃了。

我們看見,美聯儲主席伯南克正在打開水喉,任憑巨量美元,流進市場,以製造通貨膨脹,貶值美元,降低令總統奧巴馬焦頭爛額的失業率,而與此同時,外國人賣服裝,賣玩具,辛苦賺來的天量外匯,在這新一波貨幣氾濫中,價值在大幅度下降,在被掏空、、、、、、。

誠如美國諾貝爾經濟學獎獲獎人保羅*克魯格曼說:外國人賣給我們有毒的玩具和受污染的海鮮,我們賣給他們有毒的債券。

  史蒂文*陳

美利堅合眾國-美國中國經濟關係委員會(USCERC)高級研究員

美联储无限量货币宽松,正掏空外国天量外储  (2012-10-01)

  这是一只羊!这是一只狼!这是美联储无限量版的QE3!

  9月13日, 在全球聚焦下,美联储在刚刚结束的第二轮货币宽松后,迅即推出了新一轮量化宽松政策(QE3)。按照该计划,美联储将每月,购买400亿美元抵押担保债券,借以增加货币宽松程度,同时,将几近于零的利率期限,延长至2015年。

  美联储如此大手笔的行动,毫不奇怪,其用意在于,刺激近年来美国疲乏不振的经济,改善长期居高不下的失业率。但,由于美联储货币政策的全球性,美元国际储备货币的地位,美联储的系列宽松,尤其是QE3,必将损害外国的利益,外国财富中的天量外储,被置于掏空的危险之中!

  地球人都知道,近几十年来,外国经济高速增长,外国经济总量,已经雄踞世界前列,成为继美国之后的,世界第二大经济体,而且,外国人拥有世界为之侧目的,超过3.5万亿美元的,天量外汇储备。

  外国天量的外汇储备,主要是美国的各种债券,其中,包括,一万多亿美元的美国政府债券。美联储系列宽松出来的美元流动性,带来的国际金融市场美元泛滥,及美元贬值,首先侵蚀掉外国拥有的这些美国债券的收益,甚至,本金。

  外国持有的美国政府债券,大多是10年期。一般情况下,10年期的美国政府债券,其年收益率,3.45%左右;美国的通货膨胀率,正常情况下,大概为2-3%。2011年,美国通胀率为3%。很显然,美国正常时期的通货膨胀,就抹去了外国外汇储备中,这些美元资产的收益。现在,美国执行QE3,将释放巨量美元流动性,进入市场,由此,将大幅度推高通货膨胀,不仅外国外汇储备中,美元资产的收益难保,就是其本金,也受到巨大损失。

  推出QE3后,美联储主席伯南克承认,他说,”包括,储蓄凭证在内的利率,相关投资者所获得的回报,相当低。事实上,总体上来说,健康的投资回报,在弱势经济中是难以持续的。”

  更为重要的是,美联储的量化宽松,将导致全球流动性泛滥,通货膨胀加剧,国际市场上,贵金属,还有各种大宗商品,价格将翻番上涨,由于这些商品,大都以美元计价,外汇储备,最终要转换为购买力。由于这些产品价格的大幅度上涨,美元的实际购买力,大幅度缩水,外国作为美国最大海外债权人,其手中的美元资产,因此,蒙受更为巨大的损失。

  让我们看看黄金的价格吧。美联储推出第一轮量化宽松期间QE1(2009年3月—2010年3月),黄金价格,从820 /盎司,上涨为1131美元,涨幅为37.92%;第二轮量化宽松QE2期间(2010年8月–2012年6月),黄金价格,最高触及1920美元,累计涨幅为42.43%。9月14日,国际现货黄金价格,在QE3公布后,即闻风,升至1776.2美元,刷新今年2月以来的高位,眼前,就是2000美元大关了。

  我们再看看铁矿石的价格变化。外国是全球最大铁矿石进口国,全球一半以上的铁矿石,销往外国。2000年,国际市场铁矿石价格,每吨仅33美元。随着外国钢铁工业的快速发展,国际市场铁矿石价格,翻着个,飙升。2007年,80美元;2008年,即便遇到美国金融风波,铁矿石涨价行情,仍然没有受到任何影响达到150美元;2011年,1月,至10月初,铁矿石价格,为162–190美元;2012年,由于全球经济放缓,中国钢铁产能过剩,其价格,略有下降,但,比2009年,仍然要高得多。

  以黄金计算,外国外汇储备价值,仅从2009年,到现在,就被腰斩一半多;以大宗原料,如铁矿石计算,外国外储的购买力,近年来,大幅度缩水。而且,可悲的是,外国企业很难将因原料推高的成本转嫁出去,你的产品价格,刚抬高一点,外国客商,就离场了。其实,美国不缺流动性。美国前两轮QE,先后购买了总额达2.4万亿美元的美国政府债券等金融资产,这些天量的货币,进入了市场,除了推高国际市场大宗商品价格,美元加速贬值外,美国经济,仍旧复苏乏力,失业率高企。

  更重要的是,美联储此番QE,没有设截止时间表,这是与前两次的QE最大的不同。按照伯南克的话说,美联储在没有看见显著的就业市场改善之前,不会收手。而这,对于长期储存、只存,不使用的外国外储,简直就是个长期的梦魇。

  美国经济的问题,部分在于,有效需求不足,部分在于,缺乏竞争力。但,扩大有效需求,需要政府大幅度的支出,但,在美国财政赤字,超过其GDP的今天,美国政府大幅扩大支出的空间,十分有限;科技创新,引领新一轮产业革命浪潮,提高美国经济竞争力,在乔布斯逝世、比尔*盖茨,英雄暮年的今天,下一波科技浪潮,何时出现在美国,没人能知道。美国经济复苏,目前,唯一的指靠,就是货币政策,就是将早已开始的货币宽松,不断持续下去,直到美国经济复苏。外国外汇储备,在此一过程中,将被洗劫,直至被掏空。

  那么,外国有何办法保卫其天量外汇储备呢?

  外国最重要的,是选择价值稳定的货币。当前,国际金融市场,有三大储备货币:美元、欧元及日元。问问你自己,这三大元中,那种货币,价值最稳定呢?

  欧洲债务危机的阴霾,长期不去,现在,是谈论欧元崩溃的时候了;日元资产的容量太小,不足以承载外国如此巨量的外储;美元,尽管在贬值,还是当前最好的选择。

  其实,外国最主要的,是不要再增加外汇储备,把过高的外汇储备规模,降下来,才是解决问题的根本。外国的外汇储备,主要是外贸出超带来的,要减少外贸出超,就要扩大内需。扩大内需的关键,是提高居民的可支配收入,及健全社会保障制度。但这两大任务,是浩大的系统工程,需要政府耗费很多的时间和精力,更重要的是,由于其复杂及艰巨性,外国不能期盼其在短时期内解决,五年,十年,甚至,需要更长的时间。而到那个时候,黄花菜都黄了。

  我们看见,美联储主席伯南克正在打开水喉,任凭巨量美元,流进市场,以制造通货膨胀,贬值美元,降低令总统奥巴马焦头烂额的失业率,而与此同时,外国人卖服装,卖玩具,辛苦赚来的天量外汇,在这新一波货币泛滥中,价值在大幅度下降,在被掏空、、、、、、。

  诚如美国诺贝尔经济学奖获奖人保罗*克鲁格曼说:外国人卖给我们有毒的玩具和受污染的海鲜,我们卖给他们有毒的债券。

  史蒂文*陈

  美利坚合众国-美国中国经济关系委员会(USCERC)高级研究员

Unlimited amount of Fed monetary easing is emptied foreign reserve of the foreign amount of days (2012-10-01)

This is a sheep! This is a wolf! This is Fed QE3 unlimited amount Edition!

September 13, under a global focus, the Fed in the just-concluded second round of monetary easing, immediately launched a new round of quantitative easing (QE3). According to the plan, the Fed will be monthly, to buy $ 40 billion of mortgage backed bonds to increase the monetary easing is at the same time, the almost zero interest rate term was extended to 2015.

Fed action so generous, not surprisingly, the intention is to stimulate the the American tired sluggish economy in recent years to improve the long-term high unemployment rate. But, due to the global nature of the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, the dollar international reserve currency status, a series of Fed easing, especially QE3, could be detrimental to the interests of foreign countries, the amount of foreign reserve days in foreign wealth, to be placed in the hollowed out the danger of in!

Earth people are aware of the recent decades, foreign economic high-speed growth, The foreign total economic output, has been ranked as the world, after the United States, the world’s second largest economy, and foreign ownership of the world look askance, more than 3.5 trillion U.S. dollars, the day the amount of foreign exchange reserves.

The foreign days the amount of foreign exchange reserves, mainly U.S. bonds, which include more than one trillion U.S. dollars of U.S. government bonds. Fed Series easing out of dollar liquidity, the international financial markets, the U.S. dollar brought flooding, and the depreciation of the dollar eroded first foreign-owned U.S. bond yields, even the principal.

Foreign holdings of U.S. government bonds, most of the 10-year period. Under normal circumstances, the 10-year U.S. government bonds, the annual yield of about 3.45%; rate of inflation in the United States, under normal circumstances, about 2-3%. In 2011, the U.S. inflation rate of 3%. Obviously, the normal period of inflation in the United States, erased foreign foreign exchange reserves, the return on dollar assets. Now, the United States to implement QE3, will release a huge amount of dollar liquidity into the market, this will significantly push up inflation, not only foreign foreign exchange reserves, the gains of the dollar-denominated assets is no guarantee, of its principal, also suffered enormous losses.

Launch QE3 after Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke admitted, he said, “including savings certificates, including interest rates, the return obtained by investors fairly low, in fact, on the whole, a healthy return on investment, in a weak economy is difficult to sustain. ”

More importantly, the Fed’s quantitative easing, will cause the world is awash with liquidity, inflation, international markets, precious metals, commodities, the price will double up, because these commodities, mostly denominated in U.S. dollars, foreign exchange reserves, eventually to be converted to purchasing power. Due to a sharp rise in prices of these products, the real purchasing power of the dollar has shrunk dramatically, foreign as America’s largest foreign creditors, in the hands of its dollar assets, therefore, suffer even greater losses.

Let’s take a look at the price of gold. The Fed launched the first round of quantitative easing during QE1 (2009 — March 2010), the price of gold, from 820 / ounce, up $ 1,131, or 37.92 percent; second round of quantitative easing, QE2 period (2010 August – June 2012), the price of gold, the highest reach 1920 U.S. dollars, the cumulative increase of 42.43%. September 14, the international spot gold price in QE3 after the announcement, that caught on and rose to $ 1,776.2, high, immediate refresh since February of this year, is the $ 2,000 mark.

We look at the changes in iron ore prices. Foreign country is the world’s largest importer of iron ore, more than half of the world’s iron ore sold to foreign countries. In 2000, the international market price of iron ore per ton only $ 33. With the rapid development of foreign iron and steel industry, the international market price of iron ore, turned over, soared. 2007, $ 80; 2008, even with the U.S. financial turmoil, the iron ore market prices, are still not affected in any way to $ 150; 2011 January to early October, the price of iron ore, 162 – , -190 dollars; 2012, due to the global economic slowdown, China’s steel production overcapacity, its price declined slightly, but, in 2009, still have to be much higher.

To the gold calculation, the value of foreign foreign exchange reserves, only from 2009 to the present, was cut by more than half; bulk of raw materials, such as iron ore calculation, outside the purchasing power of the foreign reserve, in recent years, has shrunk dramatically. And, sadly, foreign enterprises is difficult to pass out because of the cost of raw materials pushed up the price of your product, just raise a little, foreign businessmen, on leave. In fact, the United States has no shortage of liquidity. United States the first two rounds of QE, has purchased U.S. government bonds and other financial assets amounted to $ 2.4 trillion, the amount of currency in these days, to enter the market, in addition to the international market pushed up commodity prices, the dollar accelerated depreciation of the U.S. economy, still weak recovery and high unemployment.

The more important is the the Fed overwhelmed QE, there is no set deadline schedule, which is twice before the QE biggest difference. According to Bernanke’s words, the Fed did not see significant improvement in the job market before, will not close hand. Which, for long-term storage, only keep, do not use outside the foreign reserve, is simply a long-term nightmare.

The problems of the U.S. economy, in part, the lack of effective demand, in part, the lack of competitiveness. But, the expansion of effective demand, need sweeping government expenditures, but the budget deficit in the United States, more than its GDP, the U.S. government substantially expanding expenditures space is very limited; scientific and technological innovation, leading a new round of industrial revolution in and improve the United States economic competitiveness in the death of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, the hero twilight years, the tide of the next wave, when it appeared in the United States, no one could know. U.S. economic recovery, only relying on monetary policy already begun monetary easing, continue to persist until the recovery of the U.S. economy. Foreign foreign exchange reserves, in this process will be looted, and until it is emptied.

Foreign What a way to defend its day the amount of foreign exchange reserves?

Foreign countries are the most important, is to choose a stable currency value. Currently, the international financial markets, there are three major reserve currency: the U.S. dollar, the euro and the yen. Ask yourself these three yuan, the kind of currency, the value of the most stable it?

The haze of the European debt crisis, long-term do not now the time to talk about the collapse of the euro; yen asset capacity is too small, not enough to carry such a huge amount of foreign foreign reserve; U.S. dollars, despite the devaluation, the current best choice.

In fact, the main foreign, not to increase foreign exchange reserves, excessive foreign exchange reserves, down to solve the root of the problem. The foreign exchange reserves of foreign, mainly brought by the trade surplus to reduce the trade surplus, it is necessary to expand domestic demand. The key to expanding domestic demand, improve residents’ disposable income, and improve the social security system. These two major tasks, the a vast system works, need the government to spend a lot of time and effort, and more importantly, due to its complex and arduous nature of the foreign country can not expect that in a short period of time to resolve, five years, ten years, even take longer. And by that time, day lily yellow.

We saw, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke is open plumbing, despite the huge amount of dollars flowing into the market, in order to create inflation, devaluation of the dollar, reducing the unemployment rate make President Obama battered, while at the same time, foreigners sold clothing , selling toys, hard-earned day the amount of foreign exchange, this new wave of money flooding in, the value dropped significantly in hollowed out,,,,,,.

As Nobel prize winner Paul * Krugman: Foreigners sell toxic toys and contaminated seafood, we sell them toxic bonds.

Steven * Chen

Senior Research Fellow of the United States of America – U.S. China Economic Relations Committee (USCERC)